[…] In return, the British promised to protect the Trucial Coast from all aggression by sea and to help in case of land attack. The northern emirates are rapidly following suit, providing major incentives for developers of residential and commercial property. The country has been affected by medical tourists from all over the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf. Nowadays the UAE is one of the world's richest countries, with GDP per capita almost 80% higher than OECD average. 20-30 juillet 2020, Conférence internationale de Berlin. [400] The adult literacy rate in 2015 was 93.8%. The UAE was one of only three countries to recognise the Taliban as Afghanistan's legitimate government (Pakistan and Saudi Arabia were the other two countries). “L’expérience des Emirats Arabes Unis pourrait servir les pays du Sahel pour la prévention et la réintégration des ex-combattants terroristes“, selon Dr Bakary Sambe. [25] Sumerian sources talk of the UAE as home to the 'Makkan' or Magan people.[26]. [285][286][287] Lebanese Shia families in particular have been deported for their alleged sympathy for Hezbollah. The indigenous fauna had come closer to extinction because of intensive hunting, which has led to a conservation program on Sir Bani Yas Island initiated by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan in the 1970s, resulting in the survival of, for example, Arabian Oryx, Arabian camel and leopards. [300] The three men were pardoned and released in July 2013. [332], The UAE leadership has driven forward economic diversification efforts already before the oil price crash in the 1980s, and the UAE is nowadays the most diversified economy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. There are approximately 31 churches throughout the country and one Hindu temple in the region of Bur Dubai. [322] Most malls in the UAE have a dress code displayed at entrances. [326], The weaker points remain the level of education across the UAE population, limitations in the financial and labour markets, barriers to trade and some regulations that hinder business dynamism. [92] A few years later, there were more sightings of snow and hail. [17], On January 29, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed to have reached the UAE, as a 73-year-old Chinese woman had tested positive for the disease. [176] Drunk-driving is strictly illegal and punishable by 80 lashes; many expatriates have been sentenced to 80 lashes for drunk-driving. 2  The UAE is home to some pan-Arab broadcasters, including the Middle East Broadcasting Centre and Orbit Showtime Network. Abu Libdeh, A. [251][252][70][253][254][255] For example, a British woman, after she reported being gang raped by three men, was charged with the crime of "alcohol consumption". The list of museums in the United Arab Emirates includes some of regional repute, most famously Sharjah with its Heritage District containing 17 museums,[357] which in 1998 was the Cultural Capital of the Arab World. Six emirates joined the UAE in 1971; the seventh, Ras Al Khaimah, joined the federation on 10 February 1972. Avant les revenus pétroliers, la fortun […] [55] In 1962, PDTC became the Abu Dhabi Petroleum Company. An Emirati, whose father is among the defendants, was arrested for tweeting about the trial. Abu Dhabi has an area of 67,340 square kilometres (26,000 square miles), which is 86.7% of the country's total area, excluding the islands. A number of voters chose half of the members of the Federal National Council. [56], By 1966, it had become clear the British government could no longer afford to administer and protect what is now the United Arab Emirates. [91] The region is prone to dust storms which can reduce visibility. In 2018, the oil and gas sector contributed 26% to overall GDP. As oil revenues increased, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, undertook a massive construction program, building schools, housing, hospitals and roads. The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba. Originally intended to be part of the proposed Federation of Arab Emirates, Bahrain became independent in August, and Qatar in September 1971. Abu Dhabi nationals were brought under the scheme from 1 June 2008 and Dubai followed for its government employees. [384] The average life expectancy was 76.7 in 2012, higher than for any other Arab country. [69] In January 2006, Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the prime minister of the UAE and the ruler of Dubai, died, and Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum assumed both roles. It covers approximately 75 square kilometres (29 square miles) and the boundary was settled in 1969. [96] A percentage of revenues from each emirate is allocated to the UAE's central budget. In 1922, the British government secured undertakings from the rulers of the Trucial States not to sign concessions with foreign companies without their consent. [359] Abu Dhabi has established a culture district on Saadiyat Island. [220][221][222] Article 1 of the Federal Penal Code states that "provisions of the Islamic Law shall apply to the crimes of doctrinal punishment, punitive punishment and blood money. [73] Two months later, in March, the government announced the closure of shopping malls, schools, and places of worship, in addition to imposing a 24-hour curfew, and suspending all Emirates passenger flights. Dubai has two cricket stadia (Dubai Cricket Ground No. Lire la suite, Dans le chapitre « La pénétration anglaise et les indépendances » [227] In the UAE, a marriage union between a Muslim woman and non-Muslim man is punishable by law, since it is considered a form of "fornication". A number of undersea oil surveys were carried out, including one led by the famous marine explorer Jacques Cousteau. While the Government may still adjust the exact arrangement of the VAT, it is not likely that any new taxes will be introduced in the foreseeable future. The UAE has a modest dress code, which is part of Dubai's criminal law. A further treaty was signed in 1843 and, in 1853 the Perpetual Treaty of Maritime Truce was agreed. A number of options between PCL and the trucial rulers were signed, providing useful revenue for communities experiencing poverty following the collapse of the pearl trade. [272], In 2007, the UAE government attempted to cover up information on the rape of a French teenage boy by three Emirati locals, one of whose HIV-positive status was hidden by Emirati authorities. Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, and Ras Al Khaimah are connected by the E11 highway, which is the longest road in the UAE. The people of the United Arab Emirates have adopted most of their foods from other West and South Asian countries including Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, India and Oman. [380][381] More than 100,000 British nationals live in the country. One is jointly controlled by Oman and Ajman, the other by Fujairah and Sharjah. Comment les Émirats arabes unis investissent l'Afrique jeudi, 08 août 2019 par Marlène Panara, Le Point Afrique D'abord à finalité économique, les engagements émiratis en augmentation sur le continent visent aussi des objectifs politiques. In March, it struck oil in the Upper Thamama, a rock formation that would provide many valuable oil finds. Ras al-Khaimah joined it later, on 10 January 1972. 3 well on the coast near Tarif. [37], The southern coast of the Persian Gulf was known to the British as the "Pirate Coast",[38][39] as boats of the Al Qawasim federation harassed British-flagged shipping from the 17th century into the 19th. [362] The cinema of the United Arab Emirates is minimal but expanding. Undergraduate : Admission", "Middle East :: United Arab Emirates – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency", Government portal of the United Arab Emirates, World Bank Summary Trade Statistics United Arab Emirates, Timeline of the United Arab Emirates History from Bronze Age to present day, Union of Arab National Olympic Committees, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Arab_Emirates&oldid=989122862, Arabic-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, States and territories established in 1971, 1971 establishments in the United Arab Emirates, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the flag caption or type parameters, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Articles with disputed statements from January 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Likewise, pork, which is haram (not permitted for Muslims), is sold in separate sections in all major supermarkets. [124] The dispute has not significantly impacted relations because of the large Iranian community presence and strong economic ties. Popular cultural Emirati dishes include threed, machboos, khubisa, khameer and chabab bread among others while Lugaimat is a famous Emirati dessert. One of the main anchorers of the UAE's foreign policy has been building cooperation-based relations with all countries of the world. By law, the council members have to be equally divided between males and females. L'Asie émergente a fortement contribué à la reprise du commerce mondial dès le printemps. [334] Since the 1980s, the UAE has been spending billions of dollars on infrastructure. The First World War had a severe impact on the industry, but it was the economic depression of the late 1920s and early 1930s, coupled with the invention of the cultured pearl, that wiped out the trade. Foreigners living in the Emirates were allowed to follow their native country’s laws on divorce and inheritance.[245]. The requirement is derived from Sharia law, and has been federal law since 2005. Three other poets from Sharjah, known as the Hirah group, are observed to have been heavily influenced by the Apollo and Romantic poets. [49][50] In 1958, a floating platform rig was towed from Hamburg, Germany, and positioned over the Umm Shaif pearl bed, in Abu Dhabi waters, where drilling began. [74][75][76][77][78] This resulted in a major economic downfall, which eventually led to the merger of more than 50% of the UAE's federal agencies. [329] The right to collective bargaining and the right to strike are not recognised, and the Ministry of Labour has the power to force workers to go back to work. ", Middle East | Cold snap brings Gulf rare snow, Global warming or wonder! "[154], Examples of the military assets deployed include the enforcement of the no-fly-zone over Libya by sending six UAEAF F-16 and six Mirage 2000 multi-role fighter aircraft,[155] ground troop deployment in Afghanistan,[156] 30 UAEAF F-16s and ground troops deployment in Southern Yemen,[157] and helping the US launch its first airstrikes against ISIL targets in Syria.[158]. An investigation by BBC Africa Eye and BBC Arabic Documentaries revealed that a Chinese Blue Arrow 7 missile was used in the strike. Most of this foreign aid (in excess of $15 billion) has been to Arab and Muslim countries. Al Maainah went on to serve as the UAE ambassador to Chile and currently serves as the UAE ambassador to the Czech Republic.[65].  : […] According to the figures, 25% applicants lost their jobs and nearly 15% were stranded in the country due to lockdown. [44], During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the pearling industry thrived, providing both income and employment to the people of the Persian Gulf. La mission Hope est la première mission interplanétaire arabe. This growth is mainly due to the influx of foreign workers into the country, making the national population a minority. [54], PDTC continued its onshore exploration away from the disputed area, drilling five more bore holes that were also dry. [335], On 6 January 2020, Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced that the tourist visa to the United Arab Emirates, which was earlier valid for 30–90 days, was extended to five years. [374][375] The 14th edition of the Asia Cup Cricket tournament was held in the UAE in September 2018. [402] According to the QS Rankings, the top-ranking universities in the country are the United Arab Emirates University (421–430th worldwide), Khalifa University[403] (441–450th worldwide), the American University of Sharjah (431–440th) and University of Sharjah (551–600th worldwide). This allows the Government to keep unemployment in the country on a very low level of less than 3%, and it also gives the Government more leeway in terms of macroeconomic policies – where other governments often need to make trade-offs between fighting unemployment and fighting inflation. [323] At Dubai's malls, women are encouraged to cover their shoulders and knees. Six grand projects are planned, including the Guggenheim Abu Dhabi and the Louvre Abu Dhabi. [317], A report In January 2020 highlighted that the employers in the United Arab Emirates have been exploiting the Indian labor and hiring them on tourist visas, which is easier and cheaper than work permits. Days after the announcement, the ruler of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, fearing vulnerability, tried to persuade the British to honour the protection treaties by offering to pay the full costs of keeping the British Armed Forces in the Emirates. This was the first commercial discovery of the Trucial Coast, leading to the first exports of oil in 1962. It was subsequently ratified by the Viceroy of India and the British Government in London. The ministry plans to add three hospitals to the current 14, and 29 primary healthcare centres to the current 86. [367] The emirate of Dubai is also home to the Dubai Golf Club and Emirates Golf Club courses. Que ramener d'un voyage aux Émirats arabes unis ? It is governed by a Federal Supreme Council made up of the ruling Sheikhs of Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Fujairah, Sharjah, Dubai, Ras al-Khaimah and Umm al-Quwain. ; c’est le seul émirat qui soit d’un seul tenant, sans enclave. [104][105] The UAE also has a National Youth Council, which is represented in the UAE cabinet by the Minister of Youth. It consists of primary schools, middle schools and high schools. The UAE's government does not levy income tax, although there is a system of corporate tax in place and value-added tax at 5% was established in 2018.[20]. [272][277] Amnesty reported that the Qatari men have been abducted by the UAE government and the UAE government has withheld information about the men's fate from their families. The UAE is served by two telecommunications operators, Etisalat and Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company ("du"). In accordance with the constitution, the UAE's Supreme Council of Rulers elected Khalifa as president. A British warship stood idle during the course of the invasion. [228], Kissing in public is illegal and can result in deportation. The ministry also is responsible for admitting students to its undergraduate institutions. regroupe sept émirats : Abu Dhabi, Dubaï, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm al-Qaiwain, Ras al-Khaimah et Fujaïrah. The Emirate of Abu Dhabi has 31.2%, meaning that over two-thirds of the UAE population lives in either Abu Dhabi or Dubai. © 2020 Encyclopædia Universalis France.Tous droits de propriété industrielle et intellectuelle réservés. About twenty non-political groups operate on the territory without registration. Les Emirats connaissent un climat subtropical aride, caractérisé par la chaleur et l’humidité toute l’année. [305], In a report released on 12 July 2018, Amnesty International urged for probe of torture claims on UAE-run prisons in Yemen. Émirats arabes unis (1971). [326], As impressive as economic growth has been in the UAE, the total population has increased from just around 550,000 in 1975 to close to 10 million in 2018. [272] He was arrested by UAE authorities, detained, imprisoned and then expelled from the country. [15][16] Sheikh Zayed, ruler of Abu Dhabi and the first President of UAE, oversaw the development of the Emirates and steered oil revenues into healthcare, education and infrastructure. In general, the rulers of the emirates accepted the British intervention but in the case of boundary disputes between Abu Dhabi and Dubai, and also between Dubai and Sharjah, conflicting claims were not resolved until after the UAE became independent. [313], Migrant workers in the UAE are not allowed to join trade unions or go on strike. Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan was elected as the President of the UAE. [21][22] UAE is a member of the United Nations, the Arab League, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, OPEC, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Gulf Cooperation Council. In 1953, a subsidiary of BP, D'Arcy Exploration Ltd, obtained an offshore concession from the ruler of Abu Dhabi. [248] UAE incorporates hudud crimes of Sharia (i.e., crimes against God) into its Penal Code – apostasy being one of them. Eventually, under federal law, every Emirati and expatriate in the country will be covered by compulsory health insurance under a unified mandatory scheme. The oases grow date palms, acacia and eucalyptus trees. [397], The introduction of mandatory health insurance in Abu Dhabi for expatriates and their dependants was a driver in reform of healthcare policy. It was adopted on 2 December 1971. Émirats arabes unis – Chine – États-Unis. Lire la suite, Créé le 26 mai 1981, à l'initiative de Riyad, pour contrer les débordements possibles de la révolution islamique iranienne et limiter les retombées de la guerre Irak-Iran sur les monarchies pétrolières du golfe Persique, le C.C.G. The UAE introduced a mandatory military service for adult males, since 2014, for 16 months to expand its reserve force.

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