Religious observance and practice is generally lax today, and polls have shown that, compared to the populations of other countries, few Albanians consider religion to be a dominant factor in their lives. Although they presently live in Albania, a lot of them continue to be Orthodox. Lors du Congrès organisé à cet effet (de 36 délégués, dont 7 députés), il est demandé le remplacement de la langue arabe dans la liturgie par la langue albanaise, l'interdiction du voile et de la polygamie, la séparation du califat, etc.[7]. [112][113][114][115], The State Committee on Cults reported a total of 245 religious groups, organizations, and foundations in addition to the 4 traditional faiths. Après la formation de la principauté de Dioclée, le métropolitanat de Bar fut créé en 1089 et les diocèses d’Albanie septentrionale (Shkodër, Ulcinj) devinrent ses suffragants. in Vithkuq, Labove, Mesopotam, Dropull.[37]. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [140], According to the Council of Europe ("Third Opinion of the Council of Europe on Albania adopted 23.11.2011,") the results of the census "should be viewed with the utmost caution and calls on the authorities not to rely exclusively on the data on nationality collected during the census in determining its policy on the protection of national minorities. There was little consequence at first, but on 20 July 1984 a member of the Danish Parliament inserted an article in one of Denmark's major newspapers protesting the violation of religious freedom in Albania. [62] Religious weddings were prohibited. [citation needed], Since the 2nd century AD, the liturgical services, schools and activities of the Orthodox Church in Albania had been conducted in Greek. Elle est rattachée à l'archidiocèse de Tirana-Durrës et protégée comme Monument culturel d'Albanie depuis 2007[1]. [citation needed], Between 1890 and 1920, approximately 25,000 Albanians, the majority of them Orthodox Christians from southeastern Albania, emigrated to the United States, settling in and around Boston. [125], A 2015 study on the Albanian youth aged 16–27 found that total of 80 percent of young people in Albania are not religion practitioners and practice their religion only during the main religious holidays and festivities. De nombreux prêtres et missionnaires italiens se rendent en Albanie, et de jeunes Albanais à vocation partent étudier dans les séminaires outre-Adriatique. The syncretic Bektashi sect, meanwhile, gained adherence across large parts of the South, especially Skrapari and Dishnica where it is the overwhelming majority. During the 17th and 18th centuries Albanians converted to Islam in large numbers, often under sociopolitical duress experienced as repercussions for rebelling and for supporting the Catholic powers of Venice and Austria and Orthodox Russia in their wars against the Ottomans.[73][74]. [67] Parents were afraid to pass on their faith, for fear that their children would tell others. According to other older sources, up to 75 percent of the population in Albania has declared no religious affiliation since the early 1990s. Albania differs from other regions in the Balkans in that the peak of Islamization in Albania occurred much later: 16th century Ottoman census data showed that sanjaks where Albanians lived remained overwhelmingly Christian with Muslims making up no more than 5% in most areas (Ohrid 1.9%, Shkodra 4.5%, Elbasan 5.5%, Vlora 1.8%, Dukagjin 0%) while during this period Muslims had already risen to large proportions in Bosnia (Bosnia 46%, Herzegovina 43%, urban Sarajevo 100%), Northern Greece (Trikala 17.5%), Macedonia (Skopje and Bitola both at 75%) and Eastern Bulgaria (Silistra 72%, Chirmen 88%, Nikopol 22%). Orthodoxy remained prevalent in various pockets of Southern and Central Albania (Myzeqeja, Zavalina, Shpati as well as large parts of what are now the counties of Vlora, Gjirokastra and Korca). The Archbishopric of Durrës, one of the primary bishoprics in Albania had initially remained under the authority of Eastern Church after the split despite continuous, but fruitless efforts from the Roman church to convert it to the Latin rite. Tveit expressed this concern in letters issued at the beginning of May to the WCC president Archbishop Anastasios, to Prof. Dr Heiner Bielefeldt, United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion or Belief, and to the Albanian government. Religious freedoms have in large part been secured by the generally amicable relationship among religions. When, in 1906, a Greek priest from an independent Greek parish in Hudson, Massachusetts, refused to bury an Albanian nationalist, an outraged Albanian community petitioned the missionary diocese to assist them in establishing a separate Albanian-language parish within the missionary diocese. [132] The Orthodox church claimed that from its own calculations, the Orthodox percentage should have been around 24%, rather than 6.75%. Being a secular country today, people are free to choose to believe or not, and to change their faith. Increasingly the mosque and the church were expected to function as servants of the state, the patriotic clergy of all faiths preaching the gospel of Albanism. La reine Géraldine offre 10 000 francs-or pour la construction de l'église. Muslims are found throughout the country, while Orthodox followers are concentrated in the south and Catholics are concentrated in the north. Sunni Muslims were estimated to represent approximately 50% of the country's population before 1939, while Bektashi represented another 20%. In the center and south, however, Catholicism was not as strong and by the end of the 17th century the region had largely adopted the religion of the growing Albanian Muslim elite. [55], In 1929 the Albanian Orthodox Church was declared autocephalous.[56]. Page 8-11, Schmitt, Oliver Jens. J.-C ; d’autres s’établirent à Apollonie, Buthrotum (aujourd’hui Butrint) et Shkodër. A dictionary of Albanian religion, mythology and folk culture by Robert Elsie Edition illustrated Publisher C. Hurst & Co. Publishers, 2001. Ecclesiastical records during the Slavic invasions are slim. While there remained a small Albanian Catholic community in Vlore during Ottoman times, larger numbers of Catholics started were reported in the South after the fall of Communism, often in traditionally Orthodox areas. [96], Some well known Albanian contemporary atheists include Ismail Kadare, Dritëro Agolli,[97] Ben Blushi,[98] Fatos Lubonja,[99] Mustafa Nano,[100] Saimir Pirgu,[101] Diana Çuli,[102]Elton Deda[103] Fatos Tarifa,[104] Edmond Tupja [sq],[105] Ylli Rakipi [sq],[106] Gilman Bakalli,[107]Blendi Fevziu [108] and Moikom Zeqo [sq]. [32], Between 1500 and 1800, impressive ecclesiastical art flourished across Southern Albania. In order to fight this religious ambiguity, in 1304, Dominicans were ordered by Pope Benedict XI to enter the country and to instruct the locals in the Latin rite. During the 20th century after Independence (1912) the democratic, monarchic and later the totalitarian regimes followed a systematic dereligionization of the nation and the national culture. Reiterating conventional Ottoman data from a century earlier which previously covered double the new state's territory and population, 50% of the population was grouped as Sunni Muslim, 20% as Orthodox Christian, 20% as Bektashi Muslim and 10% as Catholic Christian. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. L'Histoire de l'Albanie, dans la protohistoire et durant l'Antiquité, est assez riche, mais les déplacements de populations ne permettent pas d'apprécier correctement les formes religieuses anciennes, ou du moins de relier celles connues (comme la religion de la Rome antique) aux monothéismes qui se développent au premier millénaire. This number includes 34 different Islamic organizations and 189 Protestant organizations, mostly associated with the Albanian Evangelical Brotherhood (Vëllazëria Ungjillore Shqiptare). Malcolm, Noel (1998). In December 2010 Israeli Chief Rabbi Shlomo Amar installed Rabbi Yoel Kaplan as the country's first Chief Rabbi. Catholicism still prevailed in the Northwestern regions surrounding Lezha and Shkodra, as well as a few pockets in Kosovo in and around Gjakova, Peja, Vitina, Prizren and Klina. Un mur est érigé devant la façade[8]. Official slogans began to appear everywhere. [48][49] Like in the North, conversion was achieved through a diverse motley of violent, coercive[50] and non-coercive means, but raised taxes were the main factor. Between 1945 and 1953, the number of priests was reduced drastically and the number of Roman Catholic churches was decreased from 253 to 100, and all Catholics were stigmatized as fascists. Albania is a nation in Southeastern Europe that covers an area of 28,748 square km and has a population of about 3 million people. Despite complaints, even by Party of Labour of Albania members, all churches, mosques, tekkes, monasteries, and other religious institutions were either closed down or converted into warehouses, gymnasiums, or workshops by the end of 1967. [36] Post-Byzantine architectural style is prevalent in the region, e.g. In 1872, Pius IX convoked a second national synod at Shkodër, for the revival of the popular and ecclesiastical life. According to the 2011 Census, 6.75% of the Albanian population adhere to the Albanian Orthodox Church. John Murray, 'The Orphan's Voice', "Instantanés d’Albaníe, un autre regard sur les Balkans" (2005), Etudiants en Tourisme et Actions Patrimoniales. When Albania came under Ottoman influence in the 15th century the Orthodox people of Albania were members of the Archbishopric of Ohrid which was officially recognized by the Ottoman Empire.[82]. Le premier évêché, avec siège à Durrës, date de 58 apr. [59] Fischer suspects that the Italians eventually tired of the opposition of the Bektashi Order, and had its head, Nijaz Deda, murdered. [95], Under Communist rule in 1967, Enver Hoxha persecuted and outlawed public religious practice and adopted state atheism. Die Partei der Arbeit Albaniens hatte von 1967 bis 1990 Albanien zum atheistischen Staat erklärt und jegliche Religionsausübung verboten. Later, episcopal seats were established in Apollonia, Buthrotum (modern Butrint), and Scodra (modern Shkodra). The monarchy was determined that religion should no longer be a foreign-oriented master dividing the Albanians, but a nationalized servant uniting them. Sous une forte pression économique, sociale et morale, presque la moitié de la population albanaise finit par se convertir extérieurement à la religion de l'Empire pour échapper juridiquement à ces fortes pressions, et à la guerre de l'Église orthodoxe contre l'Église catholique à laquelle les Albanais étaient attachés. Halvetis are said to dislike both the dominance of mainline Sunnis in the generic "Muslim" community and the non-recognition of their sect's separate existence, but also the dominance of Bektashis in the Dervish scene. 10394.[84]. The Albanian Greek Catholic Church exists in southern Albania and is under an Apostolic Administration. L'"Université catholique Mère Teresa", projet piloté par le cardinal italien Pio Laghi, est inaugurée en 2005 à Tirana. The Ministry of Education has the right to approve the curricula of religious schools to ensure their compliance with national education standards while the State Committee on Cults oversees implementation. [139], The Albanian Catholic Bishops Conference also cast doubts on the census, complaining that many of its believers were not contacted. –, Goring, Rosemary (ed). Today, Catholic Albanians are mostly found in the areas of Malesia e Madhe, Kiri, Puka, Tropoja (where they are a minority), Mirdita, parts of northwestern Mat, Kurbin, Lezhe, Zadrima, Shkodër and Ulqin (where they live alongside very large numbers of Sunni Muslims), minorities in Kruja and some major cities, as well as scattered pockets throughout Gheg-inhabited areas.

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