"[39], Nietzsche had also an important influence on psychotherapist and founder of the school of individual psychology Alfred Adler. According to Sunshine: "The list is not limited to culturally oriented anarchists such as Emma Goldman, who gave dozens of lectures about Nietzsche and baptized him as an honorary anarchist. Mazzino Montinari, while editing Nietzsche's posthumous works in the 1960s, found that Förster-Nietzsche, while editing the posthumous fragments making up The Will to Power, had cut extracts, changed their order, quoted him out of context, etc. The "fascist" Nietzsche was above all considered to be a heroic opponent of necrotic Enlightenment "rationality" and a kind of spiritual vitalist, who had glorified war and violence in an age of herd-lemming shopkeepers, inspiring the anti-Marxist revolutions of the interwar period. Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher living in the late 1800s. Nietzsche's influence on Continental philosophy increased dramatically after the Second World War, especially among the French intellectual Left and post-structuralists. Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) is one of the major figures of 19th-century European philosophy, whose influence on 20th-century thought was rivaled only by Marx. Among many others, one can find strong Nietzschean themes in the works of Beat Generation poets such as Allen Ginsberg (1926-1997) and Gary Snyder (b. Likewise, the fictional valet Reginald Jeeves, created by author P.G. (Summary of a 1971 Foucault essay relating to Nietzsche). Consider the following ideas circulating in American culture today, all of them traceable at least in part to Nietzsche, although many of them are much simpler than similar ideas held by him: More Study Guides for 18th and 19th Century European Classics. Which are your favorite Friedrich Nietzsche quotes? Pour Nietzsche la mort de Dieu doit donner naissance à d’autres chimères. (The influence of Zen Buddhism on this sort of thinking is also very strong.). 34. Life is short; experience it as intensely as you can or it is wasted. Hot;er mentioned Nietzsche when he … This philosophical movement (originating with the work of Bataille) has been dubbed French Nietzscheanism. [19], Spencer Sunshine writes, "There were many things that drew anarchists to Nietzsche: his hatred of the state; his disgust for the mindless social behavior of "herds"; his anti-Christianity; his distrust of the effect of both the market and the state on cultural production; his desire for an "overman" — that is, for a new human who was to be neither master nor slave; his praise of the ecstatic and creative self, with the artist as his prototype, who could say, "Yes" to the self-creation of a new world on the basis of nothing; and his forwarding of the "transvaluation of values" as source of change, as opposed to a Marxist conception of class struggle and the dialectic of a linear history. "[38], Carl Jung, the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst who founded analytical psychology, recognized Nietzsche's profundity early on. Nietzsche's influence on Continental philosophy increased dramatically after the Second World War. [4] Such seemingly paradoxical acceptance by diametrically opposed camps is typical of the history of the reception of Nietzsche's thought. The two grandfathers of modern psychology, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Carl Jung (1875-1961), both had a deep admiration for Nietzsche and credited him with many insights into the human character. But I think the ultimate argument against his philosophy, as against any unpleasant but internally self-conscious ethic, lies not in an appeal to facts, but in an appeal to the emotions. The Italian and German fascist regimes were eager to lay claim to Nietzsche's ideas, and to position themselves as inspired by them. [citation needed]. Rather it so pervades modern culture that many who have never read him are influenced by his thought indirectly. His works remain controversial, due to varying interpretations and misinterpretations. [...] The effect of both is immeasurably great, even greater in general thinking than in technical philosophy. Friedrich Nietzsche. not a Germanic master race but a neo-imperial elite of culturally refined "redeemers" of humanity, which was otherwise considered wretched and plebeian and ugly in its mindless existence. The future influences the present just as much as the past. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Réception_de_la_pensée_de_Nietzsche Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher, cultural critic, poet, philologist, and Latin and Greek scholar. Many of Nietzsche's ideas, particularly on artists and aesthetics, are incorporated and explored throughout Mann's works. 3, Sep., 1947, pp. Also in 1934, Elisabeth gave to Hitler Nietzsche's favorite walking stick, and Hitler was photographed gazing into the eyes of a white marble bust of Nietzsche. If there are few names from the second half of the 20th century cited above it is not because Nietzsche’s influence has dwindled. [36] Nietzsche also influenced Theodor Lessing. especially need to become so attuned to their bodies that their skills proceed spontaneously from the knowledge stored in their muscles and are not frustrated by an excess of conscious rational thought. En 1869, à … Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) was notoriously unread and uninfluential during his own lifetime, and his works suffered considerable distortion in the hands of his sister Elisabeth, who managed his literary estate and twisted his philosophy into a set of ideas supporting Hitler and Nazism (Hitler had Thus Spoke Zarathustra issued to every soldier in the German army). 35. He was also became lover of Lou Andreas-Salomé, a woman who ten years earlier Nietzsche loved unrequitedly. Knowledge and strength are greater virtues than humility and submission. 828-843; C. E. Forth, "Nietzsche, Decadence, and Regeneration in France, 1891-95", in Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. "[33], Francis R. Nicosia notes, "At the height of his fame between 1895 and 1902, some of Nietzsche's ideas seemed to have a particular resonance for some Zionists, including Theodor Herzl. In one particularly harsh section, he says: It is obvious that in his day-dreams he is a warrior, not a professor; all of the men he admires were military. Reactions were anything but uniform, and proponents of various ideologies attempted to appropriate his work quite early. Beginning while Nietzsche was still alive, though incapacitated by mental illness, many Germans discovered his appeals for greater heroic individualism and personality development in Thus Spoke Zarathustra, but responded to those appeals in diverging ways. Gilles Deleuze and Pierre Klossowski wrote monographs drawing new attention to Nietzsche's work, and a 1972 conference at Cérisy-la-Salle ranks as the most important event in France for a generation's reception of Nietzsche. 1930), who were drawn to the vitalistic, anti-dualistic themes also earlier expressed in the English and American traditions by William Blake and Walt Whitman. Then later, Alexander Nehamas, came out with his book, Nietzsche: Life as Literature (1985). Their constant use of Nietzsche’s catch phrase is a reminder of their indebtedness to him. There are four points of contact between Friedrich Nietzsche and Hindu thought. According to the philosopher René Girard,[46] Nietzsche's greatest political legacy lies in his 20th-century French interpreters, among them Georges Bataille, Pierre Klossowski, Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze (and Félix Guattari), and Jacques Derrida. 4, Jul., 1908, pp. However, Gabriel Sheffer suggests that Herzl was too bourgeois and too eager to be accepted into mainstream society to be much of a revolutionary (even an "aristocratic" one), and hence could not have been strongly influenced by Nietzsche, but remarks, "Some East European Jewish intellectuals, such as the writers Yosef Hayyim Brenner and Micha Josef Berdyczewski, followed after Herzl because they thought that Zionism offered the chance for a Nietzschean 'transvaluation of values' within Jewry". It is the privilege of great individuals to become guilty in history. He has never conceived of the man who, with all the fearlessness and stubborn pride of the superman, nevertheless does not inflict pain because he has no wish to do so. Thomas Altizer (b.1927) created a sensation (and found himself on the cover of Time) in the 1960s by helping to create the oxymoronically named “death of God theology” together with a number of other theologians who argued for religion without God. He is fundamentally unsound. Prior to that Arthur Danto, with his book, Nietzsche as Philosopher (1965), presented what was the first full-length study of Nietzsche by an analytical philosopher. [2][3] The Dreyfus Affair provides another example of his reception: the French antisemitic Right labelled the Jewish and leftist intellectuals who defended Alfred Dreyfus as "Nietzscheans". Many of them have their roots in Romanticism, with Nietzsche merely articulating impulses that others shared; but he is a major transmitter of them to the modern world. Thomas H. Brobjer, "Philologica: A Possible Solution to the Stirner-Nietzsche Question", in, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche § Criticism of Anti-Semitism and nationalism, Spencer Sunshine, "Nietzsche and the Anarchists", "Jung's Reception of Friedrich Nietzsche", Philosophy in the Tragic Age of the Greeks, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Influence_and_reception_of_Friedrich_Nietzsche&oldid=1019254312, Articles needing cleanup from February 2020, Cleanup tagged articles with a reason field from February 2020, Wikipedia pages needing cleanup from February 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2019, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 22 April 2021, at 09:36. Regarding Hitler, for example, there is a debate. 1, Jan., 1993, pp. 17, No. "[39] In 1934, Jung held a lengthy and insightful seminar on Nietzsche's Zarathustra. Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15th, 1844 in the small town of Röcken, near Leipzig, in the Prussian Province of Saxony. [11][12] Broadly speaking, despite Nietzsche's hostility towards anti-semitism and nationalism, the Nazis made very selective use of Nietzsche's philosophy, and eventually, this association caused Nietzsche's reputation to suffer following World War II. Athletes, musicians, etc. [47] Foucault's later writings, for example, revise Nietzsche's genealogical method to develop anti-foundationalist theories of power that divide and fragment rather than unite polities (as evinced in the liberal tradition of political theory). Even George Santayana, an American philosopher whose life and work betray some similarity to Nietzsche's, dismissed Nietzsche in his 1916 Egotism in German Philosophy as a "prophet of Romanticism". Pro-Nietzschean anarchists also include prominent Spanish CNT–FAI members in the 1930s such as Salvador Seguí and anarcha-feminist Federica Montseny; anarcho-syndicalist militants like Rudolf Rocker; and even the younger Murray Bookchin, who cited Nietzsche's conception of the 'transvaluation of values' in support of the Spanish anarchist project." Thomas Mann (1875-1955) wrote repeatedly about him and his characters are often engaged in struggles to define their ideas in a world in which old philosophies are decaying, like Nietzsche, torn between romanticism and rationalism (notably in The Magic Mountain). Challenge yourself; don’t live passively.It is notable that none of these ideas flows from the traditional Judeo-Christian culture which dominated Europe for a thousand years. The Jewish theologian Martin Buber (1878-1965)–also a great influence on Christian theology–translated part of Thus Spoke Zarathustra into Polish. His opinion of women, like every man's, is an objectification of his own emotion towards them, which is obviously one of fear. Ernst Nolte the German historian, in his literature analyzing fascism and Nazism, presented Nietzsche as a force of the Counter-Enlightenment and foe of all modern "emancipation politics", and Nolte's judgment generated impassioned dialogue. He studied classic philology and his thinking was deeply influenced by the science of theology, as he came from a religious family. [11] The goal of life should be to find yourself. Indeed, as Ernst Nolte proposed, Maurrassian ideology of "aristocratic revolt against egalitarian-utopian 'transcendence'" (transcendence being Nolte's term for the ontological absence of theodic center justifying modern "emancipation culture") and the interrelation between Nietzschean ideology and proto-fascism offer extensive space for criticism and the Nietzschean ambiance pervading French ideological fermentation of extremism in time birthing formal fascism, is unavoidable. Friedrich Nietzsche was born in Roecken, near Leipzig, in 1844 and died in Weimar in 1900. He argued that nothing was more alien to Nietzsche than the pan-Germanism, racism, militarism and anti-Semitism of the Nazis, into whose service the German philosopher had been pressed. [...] [H]e is so full of fear and hatred that spontaneous love of mankind seems to him impossible. [13], On the other hand, it is known that Mussolini early on heard lectures about Nietzsche, Vilfredo Pareto, and others in ideologically forming fascism. As a youthful disciple of Schopenhauer, Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900) was influenced by the older philosopher’s critique of reason and by his suggestion that art, as an expression of genius, afforded a glimpse of being-in-itself. Nietzsche's anarchistic influence was particularly strong in France and the United States. The Nazis appropriated, or rather received also inspiration in this case, from Nietzsche's extremely old-fashioned and semi-feudal views on women: Nietzsche despised modern feminism, along with democracy and socialism, as mere egalitarian leveling movements of nihilism. In Western philosophy, Nietzsche's writings have been described as a case of free revolutionary thought, that is, revolutionary in its structure and problems, although not tied to any revolutionary project. "[20] Lacking in Nietzsche is the anarchist utopian-egalitarian belief that every soul is capable of epic greatness: Nietzsche's aristocratic elitism is the death-knell of any Nietzschean conventional anarchism. He read Nietzsche’s works very early, beginning in 1892. And not even Marx has exercised the intellectual and spiritual fascination commanded by his unhappy countryman. Sexuality is not the opposite of virtue, but a natural gift that needs to be developed and integrated into a healthy, rounded life. The theme of the aesthetic justification of existence Nietzsche introduced from his earliest writings, in "The Birth of Tragedy" declaring sublime art as the only metaphysical consolation of existence; and in the context of fascism and Nazism, the Nietzschean aestheticization of politics void of morality and ordered by caste hierarchy in service of the creative caste, has posed many problems and questions for thinkers in contemporary times. Early twentieth-century thinkers who read or were influenced by Nietzsche include: philosophers Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Ernst Jünger, Theodor Adorno, Georg Brandes, Martin Buber, Karl Jaspers, Henri Bergson, Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Leo Strauss, Michel Foucault, Julius Evola, Emil Cioran, Miguel de Unamuno, Lev Shestov, Ayn Rand, José Ortega y Gasset, Rudolf Steiner and Muhammad Iqbal; sociologists Ferdinand Tönnies and Max Weber; composers Richard Strauss, Alexander Scriabin, Gustav Mahler, and Frederick Delius; historians Oswald Spengler, Fernand Braudel[45] and Paul Veyne, theologians Paul Tillich and Thomas J.J. Altizer; the occultists Aleister Crowley; and Erwin Neutzsky-Wulff. Philosophers after Hegel have increasingly returned to face them, and they stand today unquestioned as the authentically great thinkers of their age. Deleuze, arguably the foremost of Nietzsche's Leftist interpreters, used the much-maligned "will to power" thesis in tandem with Marxian notions of commodity surplus and Freudian ideas of desire to articulate concepts such as the rhizome and other "outsides" to state power as traditionally conceived. Before pursuing a career in philosophy, Neitzsche was […] Such politicized readings were vehemently rejected by another French writer, the socialo-communist anarchist Georges Bataille, who in the 1930s sought to establish (in ambiguous success) the "radical incompatibility" between Nietzsche (as a thinker who abhorred mass politics) and "the fascist reactionaries." He, like many writers influenced by Nietzsche, rejected the kind of traditional Christian dualism which sorts existence into good and evil with the physical and earthly being regarded as a source of evil and goodness identified with pure spirit and the life after death. Thomas Mann's essays mention Nietzsche with respect and even adoration, although one of his final essays, "Nietzsche's Philosophy in the Light of Recent History", looks at his favorite philosopher through the lens of Nazism and World War II and ends up placing Nietzsche at a more critical distance. Friedrich Nietzsche: Philosophy of History. His emphasis on process in theology resembles some of Nietzsche’s ideas. Friedrich Nietzsche's influence and reception varied widely and may be roughly divided into various chronological periods. "[24], Nietzsche was no less popular among French fascists, perhaps with more doctrinal truthfulness, as Robert S. Wistrich has pointed out. Martin Buber was fascinated by Nietzsche, whom he praised as a heroic figure, and he strove to introduce "a Nietzschean perspective into Zionist affairs." While both scholars were contemporaries and concentrated on the function of truth, Nietzsche’s philosophy advocated a scientific approach which renounced all religious frameworks, while James’ theory enabled one to find truth even in the metaphysical. According to a recent study, "Gustav Landauer, Emma Goldman and others reflected on the chances offered and the dangers posed by these ideas in relation to their own politics. Also more recently in post-left anarchy, Nietzsche is present in the thought of Hakim Bey and Wolfi Landstreicher. Nietzsche’s relativism has had a powerful influence on two of the most important modern French Deconstructionist philosophers, Jacques Derrida (b. Heated debates over meaning, for example on the will to power or on the status of women in Nietzsche’s works, provided even the most vehement critics such as Peter Kropotkin with productive cues for developing their own theories. Friedrich Nietzsche, (born October 15, 1844, Röcken, Saxony, Prussia [Germany]—died August 25, 1900, Weimar, Thuringian States), German classical scholar, philosopher, and critic of culture, who became one of the most influential of all modern thinkers. [29], Nietzsche's reception among the more intellectually percipient or zealous fascists was not universally warm. Analytic philosophers, if they mentioned Nietzsche at all, characterized him as a literary figure rather than as a philosopher. ", During the interbellum years, certain Nazis had employed a highly selective reading of Nietzsche's work to advance their ideology, notably Alfred Baeumler, who strikingly omitted the fact of Nietzsche's anti-socialism and anti-nationalism (for Nietzsche, both equally contemptible mass herd movements of modernity) in his reading of The Will to Power. Blake, Whitman and Nietzsche form a sort of triumvirate whose influence runs through large swaths of modern literature in their rejection of dualism and embrace of the body as good. This is clearly very similar to Nietzsche’s ideas about the sources of religion. Given the poetic style in which he wrote, it is not surprising that numerous poets have been drawn to Nietzsche, including Rainer Maria Rilke (1875-1926). However, it is not always possible to determine whether or not they actually read his work. "[17], Some hypothesize on certain grounds Nietzsche's violent stance against anarchism may (at least partially) be the result of a popular association during this period between his ideas and those of Max Stirner. As a result, he was raised in a household consisting of his mother, grandmother, two aunts, and a younger sister. Friedrich Nietzsche was born 1844 in a little town of Rocken, in Prussian Saxony. Post-structuralism in itself is profoundly influenced by Nietzsche in its main thinkers su.. [41] A 12th-century stick found among the Bryggen inscriptions, Bergen, Norway bears a runic message by which the population called upon Thor and Wotan for help: Thor is asked to receive the reader, and Wotan to own them. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (15 October 1844 – 25 August 1900) was a German philosopher and writer.At first, he was a professor at the University of Basel.He worked in a part of classical studies called classical philology.He later wrote several books of philosophy. The ruthless, self-assertive “objectivism” of Ayn Rand (1905-1982) is difficult to imagine without the influence of Nietzsche. ‘Nietzsche explanation’ a more rational explanation of Nietzsche’s work. Like many other poets, William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) combined an admiration for Blake with interest in Nietzsche. In his book on Nietzsche, Mencken portrayed the philosopher as a proponent of anti-egalitarian aristocratic revolution, a depiction in sharp contrast with left-wing interpretations of Nietzsche. The popular conservative writer, philosopher, poet, journalist and theological apologist of Catholicism G. K. Chesterton expressed contempt for Nietzsche's ideas, deeming his philosophy basically a poison or death-wish of Western culture: I do not even think that a cosmopolitan contempt for patriotism is merely a matter of opinion, any more than I think that a Nietzscheite contempt for compassion is merely a matter of opinion. Does any one suppose that Lincoln acted as he did from fear of hell? The entire “human potential movement” and humanistic psychology (Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, Rollo May, etc.) Nietzsche was well-steeped in his contemporary methods and debates in the philosophy of history, which carried over into his philosophy in essential ways. Although the direct influence of this school hardly lasted out the decade, other theologians used Nietzsche’s thought as well, notably embracing his idea that human values should be based not on denial (“thou shalt not”) but on affirmation (“thou shalt”). In 1932, Nietzsche's sister, Elisabeth Forster-Nietzsche, received a bouquet of roses from Adolf Hitler during a German premiere of Benito Mussolini's 100 Days, and in 1934 Hitler personally presented her with a wreath for Nietzsche's grave carrying the words "To A Great Fighter". Anarchism and Friedrich Nietzsche Post-anarchism Is a contemporary hybrid of anarchism and post-structuralism. Many political leaders of the 20th century were at least superficially familiar with Nietzsche's ideas. Il feint d’ignorer que le véritable assassin de Dieu a aussi enterré la raison et l’histoire. The wide popularity of Nietzsche among Nazis stemmed in part from the endeavors of his sister, Elisabeth Förster-Nietzsche, the editor of Nietzsche's work after his 1889 breakdown, and an eventual Nazi sympathizer. Nietzsche, analytical psychology and psychoanalysis, O. Ewald, "German Philosophy in 1907", in The Philosophical Review, Vol. People who hate their bodies or are in tension with them need to learn how to accept and integrate their physical selves with their minds instead of seeing them as in tension with each other. “The future influences the present just as much as the past.” Friedrich Nietzsche. Hermann Hesse (1877-1962) similarly explored the necessity for the individuals to overcome their social training and traditional ideas to seek their own way (Steppenwolf and The Glass Bead Game). American writer H. L. Mencken avidly read and translated Nietzsche's works and has gained the sobriquet "the American Nietzsche". Nietzsche’s work in the beginning was heavily influenced, either positively or negatively, by the events of his young life. Nietzsche’s notion of heroes as creators is at the heart of Kazantzakis’ philosophy. First, he read the Ramayana in the original Sanskrit and produced a paper on this work while in the equivalent of High School. [40] In 1936, Jung explained that Germans of the present day had been seized or possessed by the psychic force known in Germanic mythology as Wotan, "the god of storm and frenzy, the unleasher of passions and the lust of battle"—Wotan being synonymous with Nietzsche's Dionysus, Jung said. Many other famous writers influenced by Nietzsche include André Malraux (1901-1976), André Gide (1869-1951), and Knut Hamsun (1859-1952). Nietzsche was declared an honorary anarchist by Emma Goldman, and he influenced other anarchists such as Guy Aldred, Rudolf Rocker, Max Cafard and John Moore. In 1938 the German existentialist Karl Jaspers wrote the following about the influence of Nietzsche and Søren Kierkegaard: The contemporary philosophical situation is determined by the fact that two philosophers, Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, who did not count in their times and, for a long time, remained without influence in the history of philosophy, have continually grown in significance. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950) expressed his version of Nietzsche’s struggle for power in his play Man and Superman, and more than one character in the plays of Eugene O’Neill (1888-1953) is under Nietzsche’s spell. Alfred Rosenberg, an influential Nazi ideologist, also delivered a speech in which he related National Socialism to Nietzsche's ideology. [1], By World War I, German soldiers even received copies of Thus Spoke Zarathustra as gifts. The highest virtue is to be true to yourself (consider these song titles from a generation ago: “I Gotta Be Me,” “I Did It My Way”). Nietzsche’s philosophy is believed to have influenced Adolf Hitler. [37], Max Nordau, an early Zionist orator and controversial racial anthropologist, insisted that Nietzsche had been insane since birth, and advocated "branding his disciples [...] as hysterical and imbecile. His celebration of mortal life as a sort of religion is extremely Nietzschean. NEW YORK, March 5 (UPI) -- Of all 19th-century thinkers, perhaps only Karl Marx surpassed Friedrich Nietzsche in his influence on the 20th century. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche Écouter, né le 15 octobre 1844 à Röcken, en Prusse, et mort le 25 août 1900 à Weimar, en Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, est un philosophe, critique culturel, compositeur, poète, écrivain et philologue allemand dont l'œuvre a exercé une profonde influence sur l'histoire intellectuelle moderne. Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher of the late 19th century who challenged the foundations of Christianity and traditional morality. Some authors claim that he probably never read Nietzsche, or that if he did, his reading was not extensive. Yet to Nietzsche, Lincoln is abject, Napoleon magnificent. [...] I dislike Nietzsche because he likes the contemplation of pain, because he erects conceit into duty, because the men whom he most admires are conquerors, whose glory is cleverness in causing men to die. Marching in ideological warfare against the arrows from Bataille, Thomas Mann, Albert Camus and others, the Nazi movement, despite Nietzsche' virulent hatred of both volkist-populist socialist and nationalism ("national socialism"), did, in certain of its emphases, share an affinity with Nietzsche's ideas, including his ferocious attacks against democracy, egalitarianism, the communistic-socialistic social model, popular Christianity, parliamentary government, and a number of other things. In The Will to Power Nietzsche praised – sometimes metaphorically, other times both metaphorically and literally – the sublimity of war and warriors, and heralded an international ruling race that would become the "lords of the earth". In recent years, Nietzsche has also influenced members of the analytical philosophy tradition, such as Bernard Williams in his last finished book, Truth And Truthfulness: An Essay In Genealogy (2002). Trained as a classicist, Nietzsche’s encounter with Attic tragedy led… One of the characters in Mann's 1947 novel Doktor Faustus represents Nietzsche fictionally. Here Nietzsche was referring to pan-Europeanism of a Caesarist type, positively embracing Jews,[27][according to whom?] "[28] Here is one area where Nietzsche indeed did not contradict the Nazis in his politics of "aristocratic radicalism. The main conclusion reached in the investigation is that Nietzsche influenced the Third Reich through his sister Elisabeth, who associated his name and philosophy in the name of National Socialism. Because of Nietzsche's evocativestyle and provocative ideas, his philosophy generates passionate reactions. 54, No. German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche is known for his writings on good and evil, the end of religion in modern society and the concept of a "super-man." Also in European individualist anarchist circles his influence is clear in thinker/activists such as Emile Armand[21] and Renzo Novatore[22] among others. 97-117, Steven E. Aschheim notes that "[a]bout 150,000 copies of a specially durable wartime, Brigitte Hamann, Hitler's Vienna: A Dictator's Apprenticeship, p.74, Jacob Golomb & Robert S. Wistrich (2002), ", "Nietzsche's possible reading, knowledge, and plagiarism of Max Stirner's The Ego and Its Own (1845) has been a contentious question and frequently discussed for more than a century now." In recent times, a newer strand called post-anarchism has invoked Nietzsche’s ideas, while also disregarding the historical variants of Nietzschean anarchism.
Pyjama Petit Bateau Bébé, Ou Se Situé New York Sur Une Carte, Romain Grosjean Camille Grosjean, The Four Tops If I Were A Carpenter 1967, Short Sleeve Peter Pan Collar Blouse, 10 Euros En Livre Turque, La Maison De Crillon-le-brave, Ladies Jersey Shirt With Collar,