After Soviet agreements to include the Syunik Province in Armenia's borders, the rebellion ended and the Red Army took control of the region on 13 July. The pogrom of Armenians in Baku in January 1990 forced almost all of the 200,000 Armenians in the Azerbaijani capital Baku to flee to Armenia. Il était une fois… Comme pour tous les pays très anciens, les origines de l’Arménie sont mal connues. [172], In the early 1990s, Armenia made substantial changes to the centralised and regimented Soviet system. La culture arménienne s'est développée au cours des siècles de son histoire mouvementée et a ainsi acquis un caractère unique. [214] Armenia's press freedom rose considerably following the 2018 Velvet Revolution. Because the new borders of Armenia were to be drawn by United States President Woodrow Wilson, Ottoman Armenia was also referred to as "Wilsonian Armenia". In March 1924, the first Armenian film studio; Armenfilm (Armenian: Հայֆիլմ "Hayfilm," Russian: Арменкино "Armenkino") was established in Yerevan, starting with a documentary film called Soviet Armenia. At the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Armen Nazaryan won the gold in the Men's Greco-Roman Flyweight (52 kg) category and Armen Mkrtchyan won the silver in Men's Freestyle Paperweight (48 kg) category, securing Armenia's first two medals in its Olympic history. Bien que parfois située géographiquement en Asie, l'Arménie est considérée par certains auteurs comme faisant culturellement, historiquement et politiquement parlant partie de l'Europe, voire géographiquement, à sa lisière. Print. 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement, article 6 of which provides that the Lachin corridor “shall remain under the control of the peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Federation”, Smaller nations that have claimed a prior official adoption of Christianity include, Ագաթանգեղոս §§ 13 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհէս), 16 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս 2x, ի Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 35 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 160 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 249 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 715 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 776 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 784 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 796 (ի մէջ Հայաստան աշխարհի), 808 (հասանէին ի Հայաստան աշխարհն)։, Փաւստոս Բուզանդ 1883=1984, էջ 1 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), Փաւստոս Բուզանդ 1883=1984, 4.բ, էջ 56 (Հայաստան երկրին), 904=1985, էջ 2 (Հայաստան աշխարհիս), 110 (կանայս ի Հայաստան աշխարհիս), Կորիւն 1994, էջ 83 (Հայաստան աշխարհի), 93 (Հայաստան աշխարհին), 103 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհին), 120 (ի Հայաստան աշխարհէս), ժը (սեռ. As of 2020, the biggest issue facing press freedom in Armenia is judicial harassment of journalists, specifically defamation suits and attacks on journalists' right to protect sources,[215] as well as excessive responses to combat disinformation spread by social media users. The Ministry of Education and Science is responsible for regulation of the sector. The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. Turkménistan The main characteristics of Armenian cuisine are a reliance on the quality of the ingredients rather than heavily spicing food, the use of herbs, the use of wheat in a variety of forms, of legumes, nuts, and fruit (as a main ingredient as well as to sour food), and the stuffing of a wide variety of leaves. Armenia has universal suffrage above the age of eighteen. In time, several areas of the Bagratid Armenia separated as independent kingdoms and principalities such as the Kingdom of Vaspurakan ruled by the House of Artsruni in the south, Kingdom of Syunik in the east, or Kingdom of Artsakh on the territory of modern Nagorno-Karabakh, while still recognising the supremacy of the Bagratid kings. In addition, just days prior, on 5 August 1920, Mihran Damadian of the Armenian National Union, the de facto Armenian administration in Cilicia, declared the independence of Cilicia as an Armenian autonomous republic under French protectorate.[86]. Ed. [101][102] Gas, oil, and other supplies come through two vital routes: Iran and Georgia. [156] This increase in the importance of agriculture was attributable to food security needs of the population in the face of uncertainty during the first phases of transition and the collapse of the non-agricultural sectors of the economy in the early 1990s. Three of these new centres are particularly relevant: the Centre for Biotechnology, the Centre for Zoology and Hydro-ecology and the Centre for Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Over 93% of Christians in Armenia belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church,[205][206] which is in communion only with the churches comprising Oriental Orthodoxy—of which it is itself a member. The rebuilding of the regional schools was financed by the Armenian government. For information on reusing text from Wikipedia, please see the terms of use. Le climat est continental et montagnard en altitude, et est caractérisé par des hivers très froids et des étés très chauds. C’est l’élément absolument indispensable de la décoration intérieure en Arménie. Moreover, many private galleries are in operation, with many more opening every year, featuring rotating exhibitions and sales. The Orbelian Dynasty shared control with the Zakarids in various parts of the country, especially in Syunik and Vayots Dzor, while the House of Hasan-Jalalyan controlled provinces of Artsakh and Utik as the Kingdom of Artsakh. The Ministry of Defence is in charge of political leadership, headed by Davit Tonoyan, while military command remains in the hands of the general staff, headed by the Chief of Staff, who is Lieutenant-General Onik Gasparyan. It houses paintings by many European masters as well. In addition, a permanent solution for the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has not been reached despite the mediation provided by organizations such as the OSCE. Springs are short, while autumns are long. Declining due to the wars against the Byzantines, the kingdom fell in 1045 and Armenia was soon after invaded by the Seljuk Turks. [82] The International Association of Genocide Scholars places the death toll at "more than a million". [165], In the 2020 report (data for 2019) of Doing Business Index Armenia ranks 47th with 10th rank on "starting business" sub-index. Turkey and the Republic of Armenia", "Baku and Moscow – 'One Hundred Percent Strategic Partners, "Interview with RA National Assembly Speaker Artur Baghdasaryan", "How Armenia Could Approach the European Union", "EU launches negotiations on Association Agreements with Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia", "Armenia-EU association agreement may be concluded shortly | Armenia News", "3rd Plenary Round of the EU–Armenia Negotiation on the Association Agreement", "ДОГОВОР О ПРИСОЕДИНЕНИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ АРМЕНИЯ К ДОГОВОРУ О ЕВРАЗИЙСКОМ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОМ СОЮЗЕ ОТ 29 МАЯ 2014 ГОДА (Минск, 10 октября 2014 года)", "Armenia To Join Russian-Led Customs Union", "New agreement signed between the European Union and Armenia set to bring tangible benefits to citizens – EEAS – European External Action Service – European Commission", "EU and Armenia take stock on Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement implementation | EU Neighbours", "Change in democracy index score from 2017 to 2018 in Europe", "The retreat of global democracy stopped in 2018", "Armenia : A revolution live-streamed | Reporters without borders", "Armenia improves positions in World Press Freedom Index by 19 points: Pashinyan confident in continuation of progress", "Armenian Eyes, Ears on US Genocide Vote", "Ecological Footprint Accounting for Countries: Updates and Results of the National Footprint Accounts, 2012-2018", "How Armenia Plans to Become the Next World-Class Hiking Destination", "Economic Freedom of the World: 2018 Annual Report", "Doing Business in Armenia – World Bank Group", "The Araratian Baccalaureate: A guide for universities", "Chart – World Development Indicators (Google Public Data Explorer)", United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, "World Development Indicators – Google Public Data Explorer", "Jerusalem – The Old City: The Armenian Quarter", "San Lazzaro degli Armeni – Venice for Visitors", "World's largest Yazidi temple under construction in Armenia", "New Index Shows Least-, Most-Accepting Countries for Migrants", "The South Caucasus Between The EU and the Eurasian Union", "Armenia – Which Nation First Adopted Christianity? As of 2007[update], Armenia includes 915 communities, of which 49 are considered urban and 866 are considered rural. [23][4] The unique Armenian alphabet was created by Mesrop Mashtots in 405 AD. Improve the management system for science and technology and create the requisite conditions for sustainable development; Involve more young, talented people in education and research, while upgrading research infrastructure; Create the requisite conditions for the development of an integrated national innovation system; and. But one of the main sources of foreign direct investments remains the Armenian diaspora, which finances major parts of the reconstruction of infrastructure and other public projects. † 2011 censusSources: Area and population of provinces. Armenia competed internationally as part of the USSR national football team until the Armenian national football team was formed in 1992 after the split of the Soviet Union. [218], Due to the lack of success lately on the international level, in recent years, Armenia has rebuilt 16 Soviet-era sports schools and furnished them with new equipment for a total cost of $1.9 million. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page. A waste processing plant is scheduled for construction near Hrazdan city, which will allow for closure of 10 waste dumps. Arménie (n.prop.). The Constitutional Court made references to the preamble of the protocols underlying three main issues. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides. Enfin, à travers la diaspora arménienne, elle a influencé la culture occidentale, et réciproquement. The film was premiered in Cairo on 13 March 1913.[217]. Assemblée nationale de la République d'Arménie, Fédération révolutionnaire arménienne (Dachnaktsoutioun), Parti libéral démocrate arménien (Ramgavar), Parti social-démocrate Hentchakian (Hentchak), Accord de libre-échange entre l'Arménie et l'Iran, Liste des souverains arméniens de Cilicie, République démocratique fédérative de Transcaucasie, République socialiste fédérative soviétique de Transcaucasie, République socialiste soviétique d'Arménie, Liste des primats de l'Église catholique arménienne, https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portail:Arménie&oldid=175772024, Portail comptant entre 1 000 et 9 999 articles, Page mise à jour par un bot/Suivi catégorie, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, L'Arménie est le premier pays chrétien au monde ; sa conversion officielle date de, Une expression arménienne est utilisée pour définir la. Avant même d’être des exilés, les Arméniens sont de grands voyageurs. Soon, life in Armenia's SSR began to see rapid improvement. [183] Italy is home to the San Lazzaro degli Armeni, an island located in the Venetian Lagoon, which is completely occupied by a monastery run by the Mechitarists, an Armenian Catholic congregation. [172] In addition, 35% of eligible children attended preschools. New sectors, such as precious-stone processing and jewelry making, information and communication technology and tourism are beginning to supplement more traditional sectors of the economy, such as agriculture.[160]. During the Soviet era, Azerbaijanis were historically the second largest population in the country (forming about 2.5% in 1989). [218], Armenia has also been very successful in chess, winning the World Champion in 2011 and the World Chess Olympiad on three occasions.[221]. Malaisie Avec un riche héritage culturel, elle est une des plus anciennes civilisations au monde. Une page de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. [184] Approximately 139,000 Armenians live in the de facto independent country Republic of Artsakh where they form a majority. Basic research promoting essential applied research. The First Republic's short-lived independence was fraught with war, territorial disputes, and a mass influx of refugees from Ottoman Armenia, bringing with them disease and starvation. Koweït They are best known for their series of scholarly publications of ancient Armenian versions of otherwise lost ancient Greek texts. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), and other international financial institutions (IFIs) and foreign countries are extending considerable grants and loans. L' Arménie (en arménien Հայաստան, Hayastan) est un pays du Caucase sans accès à la mer. Armenia is a developing country and ranks 81st on the Human Development Index (2018). According to Gallup research conducted in 2017 Armenia has one of the highest migrant acceptance (welcoming) rates in eastern Europe. This occurred after mass demonstrations took place on the tragic event's fiftieth anniversary in 1965. Timor oriental About 484,000 Armenians lived in Azerbaijan in 1970. In Armenia, before sending the protocols to the parliament, it was sent to the Constitutional Court to have their constitutionality to be approved. Évolution démographique de l'Arménie depuis 1949. It has made a full switch to a market economy. Catholics also exist in Armenia, both Latin rite and Armenian rite. Across from the Opera House, a popular art market fills another city park on the weekends. Turkey also has a long history of poor relations with Armenia over its refusal to acknowledge the Armenian Genocide, even though it was one of the first countries to recognize the Republic of Armenia (the 3rd republic) after its independence from the USSR in 1991. More than 20 projects have been cofunded by the State Committee of Science in targeted branches: pharmaceuticals, medicine and biotechnology, agricultural mechanization and machine building, electronics, engineering, chemistry and, in particular, the sphere of information technology. Cette ancienne république soviétique a des frontières terrestres avec la Turquie à l'ouest, la Géorgie au nord, l'Azerbaïdjan à l'est et l'Iran au sud. [171], Over the past decade, the government has made an effort to encourage science–industry linkages. Costa Mesa: Mazda Publishers, Inc., 2008. [100] Its relations with Europe, the Arab League, and the Commonwealth of Independent States have allowed Armenia to increase trade. One of the oldest types of Armenian music is the Armenian chant which is the most common kind of religious music in Armenia. This steady economic progress has earned Armenia increasing support from international institutions. Inde In the agreement, Turkey allowed the Soviet Union to assume control over Adjara with the port city of Batumi in return for sovereignty over the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Iğdır, all of which were part of Russian Armenia. [172], In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. The Byzantine governor of the palace gave them shelter where the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia was eventually established on 6 January 1198 under Leo I, King of Armenia, a descendant of Prince Ruben. Chypre [15] It is a part of the Caucasus region; and is bordered by Turkey to the west, Georgia to the north, the Lachin corridor under a Russian peacekeeping force,[16] and Azerbaijan to the east, and Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the south.[17]. État de Transcaucasie (superficie : 29800 km²; 3,5 millions d'habitants; capitale : Érevan; indépendant en 1991). The Ottoman Empire began to collapse, and in 1908, the Young Turk Revolution overthrew the government of Sultan Hamid. An estimated 500,000 Armenians (nearly a third of the population) served in the Red Army during the war, and 175,000 died.[90]. Bahreïn By the 19th century, Eastern Armenia had been conquered by the Russian Empire, while most of the western parts of the traditional Armenian homeland remained under Ottoman rule. [167], In the 2020 report of Corruption Perceptions Index by Transparency International Armenia ranked 49 of 179 countries. Qatar In 1918, following the Russian Revolution, all non-Russian countries declared their independence after the Russian Empire ceased to exist, leading to the establishment of the First Republic of Armenia. 13 janv. encyclopédie. Obsidian, which is found locally, is crafted into assortment of jewellery and ornamental objects. The Byzantine rule was short lived, as in 1071 the Seljuk Empire defeated the Byzantines and conquered Armenia at the Battle of Manzikert, establishing the Seljuk Empire. The historian Flavius Josephus also states in his Antiquities of the Jews, "Aram had the Aramites, which the Greeks called Syrians;... Of the four sons of Aram, Uz founded Trachonitis and Damascus: this country lies between Palestine and Celesyria. [172] In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law. Birmanie, Brunei Other Christian denominations in Armenia are the Pentecostal branches of Protestant community such as the Word of Life, the Armenian Brotherhood Church,[207] the Baptists which are known as of the oldest existing denominations in Armenia and were permitted by the authorities of Soviet Union,[208][209] and Presbyterians. By 4 December, Ordzhonikidze's forces entered Yerevan and the short-lived Armenian republic collapsed. According to a 2013 survey, 95% of Armenians said they had some knowledge of Russian (24% advanced, 59% intermediate) compared to 40% who said they knew some English (4% advanced, 16% intermediate and 20% beginner). Articles récents Aller plus loin Portails connexes. [172] Russian was still widely taught, however, as a second language. Hovannisian, Richard, and Simon Payaslian. [186] As of 2016[update], there are an estimated 35,000 Yazidis in Armenia.[187]. It also hosts the Pan-Armenian Games. This article incorporates text from a free content work. It is a member of the CSTO military alliance, and also participates in NATO's Partnership for Peace program and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. Namus was the first Armenian silent black-and-white film, directed by Hamo Beknazarian in 1925, based on a play of Alexander Shirvanzade, describing the ill fate of two lovers, who were engaged by their families to each other since childhood, but because of violations of namus (a tradition of honor), the girl was married by her father to another person. [39][40] The Table of Nations lists Aram as the son of Shem, to whom the Book of Jubilees attests, "And for Aram there came forth the fourth portion, all the land of Mesopotamia between the Tigris and the Euphrates to the north of the Chaldees to the border of the mountains of Asshur and the land of 'Arara.[41][42]". [172] Armenian became the dominant language of instruction, and many schools that had taught in Russian closed by the end of 1991. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth after the power plant was reopened in 1995. There is a Jewish community in Armenia diminished to 750 persons since independence with most emigrants leaving for Israel. Armenia is a member of the Council of Europe and maintains friendly relations with the European Union; especially with its member states such as France and Greece. A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatization was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatization. The treaty forced Armenia to disarm most of its military forces, cede all former Ottoman territory granted to it by the Treaty of Sèvres, and to give up all the "Wilsonian Armenia" granted to it at the Sèvres treaty. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving the investment climate, and making strides against corruption. Elle est membre de plus de trente-cinq organisations internationales, comme l'ONU, le Conseil de l'Europe, la Communauté des États indépendants, etc. Variantes du nom de famille. While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks). In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. While Armenia is geographically located in the South Caucasus, it is generally considered geopolitically European. In the case of an attack, Armenia is able to mobilize every able-bodied man between the age of 15 and 59, with military preparedness. [147], Armenia has recorded an unprecedented progress in the 2019 World Press Freedom Index published by Reporters Without Borders, improving its position by 19 points and ranking 61st on the list. Ter-Petrosyan led Armenia alongside Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan through the First Nagorno-Karabakh War with neighbouring Azerbaijan. In Yerevan, the chief executive is the mayor, elected since 2009. [38] It has also been speculated that the land of Ermenen (located in or near Minni), mentioned by the Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III in 1446 BC, could be a reference to Armenia. The war was a success for the Karabakh Armenian forces who managed to capture 16% of Azerbaijan's internationally recognised territory including Nagorno-Karabakh itself. As of 2016[update], Armenia maintained cordial relations with both countries. La végétation est rare et encore limitée par la déforestation. "[43], Armenia lies in the highlands surrounding the mountains of Ararat. The terrain is mostly mountainous, with fast flowing rivers, and few forests. Le 27 septembre, des affrontements violents ont éclaté, opposant l’Azerbaïdjan à l’Arménie et aux forces soutenues par cette dernière dans la région séparatiste du Haut-Karabakh, en Azerbaïdjan. [84], Armenia and the Armenian diaspora have been campaigning for official recognition of the events as genocide for over 30 years. Armenia ranked 63rd out of 180 countries on Environmental Performance Index (EPI) in 2018. [150], Armenia ranked 29th for economic freedom and 76th for personal freedom among 159 countries in the 2017 Human Freedom Index published by the Cato Institute .[151][152]. Gorbachev's inability to alleviate any of Armenia's problems created disillusionment among the Armenians and fed a growing hunger for independence. Reporters Without Borders also cites continued concerns about lack of transparency regarding ownership of media outlets.[214]. 83,286), Paul Thieme, The 'Aryan' Gods of the Mitanni Treaties. Nombre de ses aspects ont également été marqués par le cadre géographique dans lequel elle a évolué. - Conflits entre Arméniens et Azéris, en 1993. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk. [124], On 10 October 2009, Armenia and Turkey signed protocols on the normalisation of relations, which set a timetable for restoring diplomatic ties and reopening their joint border. The government has also promised a cash reward of $700,000 to Armenians who win a gold medal at the Olympics. Prior to this, during the latter part of the Parthian period, Armenia was a predominantly Zoroastrian country.[63]. Géorgie, Haut-Karabagh The Armenian constitution adhered to the model of a semi-presidential republic until April 2018. [31] The further origin of the name is uncertain. Arménie, un petit pays, montagneux et sans accès à mer, aussi bien que chrétien, Il bénéficie des avantages liés à l'existence d'une importante diaspora, en particulier dans France et États-Unis. Minorities of Poles and Caucasus Germans also exist though they are heavily Russified. Armenia's long history as a crossroads of the ancient world has resulted in a landscape with innumerable fascinating archaeological sites to explore. ", "Armenia Information – Welcome to Armenia", "Despite poverty, Baptists prosper in Armenia", "Armenian Presbyterian Church to Commemorate 1700th Anniversary of Christianity in Armenia with Concert and Khachkar Dedication", https://rsf.org/en/news/concern-about-judicial-harassment-armenias-media, "Ambassadors in Sport?
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