In addition to the Armenians, the Assyro-Chaldeans and the Pontic Greeks suffered the same fate. In the meantime, the Turkish Nationalist forces had gone to war against the Republic of Armenia. On le connaît sous le nom de Moustafa Kémal mais ses concitoyens l'appellent plus volontiers Atatürk (le « Père des Turcs »), le patronyme qui lui a été attribué en 1934, assorti du prénom Kémal.. La Turquie, il est vrai, lui doit beaucoup. When the French formally agreed to evacuate Cilicia in October 1921, the debacle signified a second deportation for the Armenians of the region. What is a 401k plan in some contracting agency that is 0% to 100% contribution and limited to 25 funds? Pendu en 1926 sur l’ordre de Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, entre autres pour son activité génocidaire. It only takes a minute to sign up. The attack by Kemalist units against the city of Marash in January 1920, which was accompanied by large-scale slaughtering of the Armenians, spelled the beginning of the end for the remnant Armenian population. Hitler offrit ses ossements à Mustafa Kemal Atatürk en 1943. During the time of the Armenian deportations Attaturk was stationed in the Western part of Turkey and was busy fighting the English. Luke 10:21, Performance characteristics of the DEC Type 30 graphical display, Sending OTP before authentication / password verification. Kemal first directed his forces against the French in Cilicia with fatal consequences for the Armenians. De nombreux bruits ont circulé sur le nom d’Atatürk lui-même, puisque « Mustapha Kemal Atatürk » était un pseudonyme. Kemal established headquarters in Ankara, amnestied CUP members who joined his movement, and regrouped the remaining Ottoman army and other irregular units under his general command. Cet arbitrage accorde aux rescapés du génocide un État, en Arménie occidentale. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. However, he does not seem to have opposed them, and possibly supported them. Aujourd’hui, malgré la révolution nationaliste de Mustapha Kemal Atatürk et le Traité de Lausanne (1923), favorable à la Turquie, sa valeur juridique reste entière. History Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for historians and history buffs. Read copyright notice and disclaimer. With the expulsion of the Greeks, the Turkification and Islamification of Asia Minor was nearly complete. Is PC used as an English expression for a computer in English speaking countries? However, yahoo answers says that that Atatürk actually may have ended it. Did the Ottoman government rationalize the Armenian Genocide and other instances of ethnic cleansing as a response to Russian expansion? I just finished "Smyrna, 1922" by Giles Milton, which is a book accepted as fair by both sides. How does the network card determine the cable length? ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk a fait exécuter plusieurs responsables de ces massacres après la guerre. Le génocide arménien, ou plus précisément le génocide des Arméniens (en arménien : Հայոց ցեղասպանություն, Hayots tseghaspanoutyoun ; en turc : Ermeni Soykırımı), est un génocide perpétré d'avril 1915 à juillet 1916, voire 1923 , au cours duquel les deux tiers des Arméniens qui vivent alors sur le territoire actuel de la Turquie périssent du fait de déportations, famines et massacresde grande ampleur. Preoccupied with the deteriorating situation in Europe, France yielded when Turkey send in its troops in 1938. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. La question du « génocide » arménien est reconnue par une trentaine de pays à l’échelle internationale et demeure un sujet de discorde entre historiens. Kemal Atatürk qui avait adopté une petite Arménienne qui devait devenir la première femme pilote d'avion de chasse de Turquie, était très critique du génocide des Arméniens. Les témoins du Génocide arménien donnent des informations et détails pour comprendre le massacre perpétré par l'Empire ottoman, au début du XX e siècle. Génocide arménien : Washington évoque une «annonce» attendue samedi. Cet excellent article permet de redonner le contexte historique de ce qui se passe actuellement en Syrie, et de rappeler que la sauvagerie des turcs n’est pas nouvelle, et que les Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Is Kemal Atatürk responsible for Armenian Genocide? He certainly did nothing to stop them, even after he came to power. Atatürk's responsibility for the Armenian Genocide. Atatürk was the leader of the Turkish Independence War, and as such nominally responsible for massacres during this period. As he was a turk-nationalist and started a policy of oppressing and Turkifying minorities, it is quite likely that he supported the anti-Armenian policies. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, History Stack Exchange works best with JavaScript enabled, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site, Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, Learn more about hiring developers or posting ads with us. Turkey considers genocide claims insult the memory of Ataturk, which would be on par with the likely response of United States citizens to allegations that … Les aptitudes de lucidité de Kémal sont mises à profit à construire une non-existence du génocide arménien de 1915.C'est ainsi que :-1/ le Califat a été supprimé en 1924 par l'État turc pour des raisons dites de "laïcité". In 1934 the Turkish Grand National Assembly hailed Kemal with the surname of Ataturk, meaning the father of the Turks, in tribute to his singular contribution in forging modern Turkey. With secret instructions from the Ankara government to proceed with the physical elimination of Armenia, General Kiazim Karabekir seized half the territories of Armenia in November 1920 as Red Army units Sovietized the remaining areas. Why is The Star-Spangled Banner said to be in key of F instead of C? Kemal died that year having prepared the annexation of the district. As a leading officer he surely would have been aware of the deportations, but did not order them or participate in them, and I can find no evidence that he was involved in any of the massacres before the deportations either. Kemal was an officer in the Turkish army whose defense of Gallipoli in 1915-1916 defeated the Allied campaign to breach the Dardanelles and quickly eliminate the Ottoman Empire from World War I. La plupart des témoins sont des journalistes, diplomates, soldats, médecins, écrivains ou missionnaires. Negationists sometimes try to claim that the leader of a country weren't responsible for a given genocide, which they'll also argue didn't happen. Mais, son point culminant a été du 24 avril 1915 au juillet 1916. Témoins du Génocide arménien. Les Israéliens tergiversent encore car ils ne veulent pas rompre définitivement avec les Turcs malgré leur comportement anti-israélien, voire anti-occidental depuis plusieurs années. Atatürk was the leader of the Turkish Independence War, and as such nominally responsible for massacres during this period. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Am at work now but will write an answer soon. Mais ce fut aussi en non-dit pour ne pas avoir un jour un Calife qui pourrait condamner ce crime contre la religion et contre l'Humanité. Kemal Atatürk (or alternatively written as Kamâl Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal Pasha until 1934, commonly referred to as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk; 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal, revolutionary statesman, author, and the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President from 1923 until his death in 1938. exchange for the Turks that was detained for their involvement in the genocide, Find knowledge faster: New Articles features, Testing three-vote close and reopen on 13 network sites, We're switching to system fonts on May 10, 2021. Nous remercions monsieur l’abbé Philippe Toulza, directeur des Editions Clovis, qui nous a aimablement autorisé à publier l’article ci-dessous paru dans la revue Fideliter n° 227 de septembre/octobre 2015. Is taking photos with the back side of a film roll a real technique? Le génocide des Arméniens, constitue dans cet héritage, l'élément central dont il ne saurait être question autrement que sous forme de déni. L’État turc ne peut pas reconnaître le génocide arménien, parce qu'à la base même de son existence en tant que régime, il s'est construit sur un mythe politique, forgé par Mustapha Kemal dit Atatürk… Stack Exchange network consists of 176 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Words in English which elided medial 'g' or 'v' (or initial 'h' before 'l', 'n', or 'r'). Même si le président du pays a présenté ses condoléances en 2014, la Turquie a toujours refusé de parler de Massacres of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire goes back to at least 1894, but they increased during WWI. Why was there such tension between the Ottoman Empire and Russia during the Armenian genocide? Is there any way to obtain the number of qubits of a given backend in Qiskit? Designated President of the newly proclaimed Republic of Turkey in 1923, he embarked upon a thorough-going process of Westernization while promoting a secular Turkish national identity. In 1936 Kemal began to pressure France to yield the Sanjak of Alexandretta, or Iskenderun, a district on the Mediterranean under French administrative rule whose inhabitants included 23,000 Armenians. En 1919, témoignant devant le tribunal d’Istanbul qui jugeait les exécutants du génocide de 1915 (les hauts responsables avaient fui), il … What was the contemporary German public opinion on the Herero Genocide? I want to know about Atatürk's private and public views regarding killing people based on religion. However, he blamed the Turkish people and it's "excited state". Le génocide arménien Le père des Turcs (Atatürk), Mustapha KEMAL (1881-1938) Lénine rendit alors service aux Turcs : alors que la Turquie était clairement dans le camps des vaincus, le péril rouge la fit lentement glisser dans celui des vainqueurs, alliés contre le communisme… The Armenians of Hajen (Hadjin) put up a last desperate fight for seven months only to be reduced by October 1920 to less than five hundred survivors who fled from a city completely torched by the besieging Turks. Le génocide, survenu de 1915 à 1916, a coûté la vie à un million et demi de personnes, victimes du nettoyage ethnique et religieux des Jeunes-Turcs sous la direction de Kemal Atatürk (père des Turcs). ... celui des Jeunes Turcs et celui de Mustafa Kemal devenu Atatürk. In Hand and Brain chess, is the stronger player generally preferred to be the hand or the brain? Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was during WWI a military man, and was during the deportations in charge of first the 19th Division and the the XVI Army Corps, busy defending the western end of the Empire. The final chapter of the Armenians in Anatolia was written in Smyrna (Izmir) as Kemalist forces routed the Greek army and entered the city in September 1922. His action precipitated the final exodus of Armenians from Turkey in 1939 as most opted for the French offer of evacuation to Syria and Lebanon rather than risk mistreatment yet again. What religion did Mustafa Kemal Atatürk self-identify as following? However, he blamed the Turkish people and it's "excited state". Problématique: Quels sont les caractéristiques du génocide arménien et comment sa mémoire s'inscrit- elle dans l'Histoire ? Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and the consummator of the Armenian Genocide. With an eye toward securing his legacy, in 1931 Kemal founded the Turkish Historical Society, which was charged with the guardianship of the state's official history. What is the minimum number of helpers that an explorer need to cross the desert? Being (partially) responsible and the one who may have ended it aren't mutually exclusive. Le président Macron a honoré sa promesse en inscrivant la journée du 24 avril comme une « journée nationale de mémoire et de commémoration du génocide arménien ». Does use of a Fireball Necklace count as 'casting a spell'? Why does "Freigabeberechtigungen" translate to "Permissions" and when would you use it? With the restoration of Turkish sovereignty over Anatolia, Kemal turned his attention to the modernization of the country. La ville devint Istanbul, après que le gouvernement d’Atatürk ait rejeté le nom traditionnel en 1923. Encyclopedia Entries on the Armenian Genocide. Les demandes par les victimes de reconnaissance officielle de ce génocide en tant que réparation morale minimale ne se sont pas seulement vues refusées par la République Turque. The conclusion of this is that Atatürk is not to blame for the Genocide and does not have seem to be directly involved in either the deportations, nor the massacres. Is there something else that protects young students who aren't eligible for FERPA? La Turquie d’alors n’est pas celle d’Erdogan mais la négation du génocide arménien est une continuité de l’État, quels que soient les régimes depuis Kemal Atatürk. With this exodus from the mainland, Mustafa Kemal completed what Talaat and Enver had started in 1915, the eradication of the Armenian population of Anatolia and the termination of Armenian political aspirations in the Caucasus. He seems to have been pretty secularist. Intéressez-vous à la question kurde, aux origines du génocide arménien, à l’identité politique d’Atatürk, à la véritable nature de notre système politique, aux différentes clauses du traité de Lausanne de 1923 [lequel détermine encore aujourd’hui le sort des minorités en Turquie], à … By clicking “Accept all cookies”, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881-1938) was the founder of the Republic of Turkey and the consummator of the Armenian Genocide. With Allied encouragement and promises of protection, most surviving Armenians had repatriated to their hometowns in Cilicia in 1919. The republic covers an area of around 780,000 square kilometres of which 97% are in Asia and 3% only in Europe. The deportations ended in March 1916, and this ended the main part of the Armenian genocide, but anti-Armenian policy did not stop, and there was massacres of Armenians after this point as well. Thanks for contributing an answer to History Stack Exchange! A frequently advanced explanation is that Turks, as a proud people, cannot accept that their ancestors committed the … What's wrong with being wise and learned that warrants being denied by God the secrets of His kingdom? As he was a turk-nationalist and started a policy of oppressing and Turkifying minorities, it is quite likely that he supported the anti-Armenian policies. Turkey became a republic in 1923 under President Mustapha Kemal Atatürk, who carried his predecessors’ work through with new massacres. A supporter of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), he stayed out of politics until 1919 when he organized the Turkish Nationalist Movement in the drive to oust the Allies who had placed strategic portions of the country under occupation after its defeat. This effort was epitomized in the adoption of the Latin alphabet for the modern Turkish language. What is referred to as the Armenian Genocide is however sometimes limited to the events that happened during the mass deportation of Armenians in 1915-1916. Figures centrales et omniprésentes tout au long de ce documentaire, Mustapha Kemal dit Atatürk (1881-1938), fondateur de la République en 1923, et Recep Tayyip Erdogan, l’actuel chef de l’Etat. (« Wer Redet noch heuse von Vernichtung der Armenier ? Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk n’avait pas participé à la préparation et à l’exécution du génocide ; en 1915, il combattait sur le front des Dardanelles. Il est planifié et exécuté par le parti au pouvoir à l'époque, le Comité Union et Progrès (CUP), plus connu s… rev 2021.5.6.39231. There is a controversy discussed here about Atatürk's responsibility for the Armenian Genocide. Joe Biden a décidé de reconnaître le génocide arménien, une première pour un président américain. How can a small corvette shift big destroyers like this? the facts of the Armenian Genocide, have not taken the easy way out by shifting the blame for the Genocide to the long defunct Ottoman Empire. Home > Educational Resources > Encyclopedia Entries on the Armenian Genocide. In August 1921 his nationalists took several Britons hostage (I've seen the numbers 22 and 29) and then made an exchange for the Turks that was detained for their involvement in the genocide. Soon after, a fire begun in the Armenian neighborhood consumed the entire Christian sector of the city and drove the civilian population to the shore whence they sailed into exile bereft of all belongings. Pour survivre, leurs familles chrétiennes se sont converties à l’islam. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Kemal was an officer in the Turkish army whose defense of Gallipoli in 1915-1916 defeated the Allied campaign to breach the Dardanelles and quickly eliminate the Ottoman Empire from World War I. What does it mean for a game to be a skinner box? Why is ‘prejudice’ syllabified as Prej-u-dice? Once again the Armenian population was driven out at the point of the sword with heavy casualties as the city of Kars and its surrounding region were annexed by Turkey. Copyright © 1998-2021 Armenian National Institute. L’historiographie turque reconnait la mort d’Arméniens mais la qualification de « génocide » divise la communauté des … Ils n’étaient pas nés lors du génocide de 1915.