Human Rights Watch defends the rights of people in 90 countries worldwide, spotlighting abuses and bringing perpetrators to justice, Human Rights Watch is a 501(C)(3) nonprofit registered in the US under EIN: 13-2875808. A flurry of law reforms led to some improvements in the legal protection of human rights. At least 14 people died and dozens were injured during clashes between communities in Béoumi, in northern Côte d’Ivoire, on May 15 and 16. At time of writing, Gbagbo and Blé Goudé were on conditional release, in Belgium and the Netherlands respectively. Abidjan’s juvenile detention center is housed inside an adult prison, and children in pretrial detention are often detained with adults. Côte d’Ivoire in July 2019 adopted a new forestry code that signals a renewed effort to protect and rehabilitate the country’s protected forests, which have been devastated by cocoa farming. Prison conditions and overcrowding remained a problem. Three opposition politicians were given disproportionate 30-month sentences May 26 for their role in a banned opposition rally in May 2015. This has, in turn, influenced a positive change in law and an upward trend in certain economic and social rights. Opposition and some civil society organizations strongly criticized the reforms, arguing that the government’s role in nominating members of the commission means it will still be subject to executive influence. illustration (c) Droits reservés. The arrest of several opposition or civil society figures for organizing anti-government protests raised concerns of a closing of civic space ahead of the 2020 presidential elections. Under the old law, widows often received nothing. Thousands of soldiers mutinied in January and May, demanding unpaid bonuses and backpay. Refworld contains a vast collection of reports relating to situations in countries of origin, policy documents and positions, and documents relating to international and national legal frameworks. Simone Gbagbo is also wanted by the ICC on four counts of crimes against humanity, but so far the Ivorian government has refused to transfer her to The Hague. Neither Côte d’Ivoire’s Special Cell nor the ICC have investigated crimes committed during election-related violence in 2000, or the 2002-2003 armed conflict. Divisive political rhetoric, residual tensions from the 2018 local elections, and recurring disputes over access to land led to an increase in intercommunal tensions. Ivorian judges have yet to complete an investigation into violent intercommunal clashes between pastoralists and farmers in Bouna in March 2016, which left at least 27 people dead and thousands more displaced. Although the UN reported in January 2017 that the number of reported cases of sexual and gender-based violence has progressively decreased since 2014, social stigma and widespread impunity prevents many victims from reporting abuses. Côte d'Ivoire, which has lost vast swathes of forest to cocoa farming, announced in September a policy to devolve responsibility for reforestation to private businesses. Although the Ivorian constitution protects freedom of assembly, Ivorian law requires opposition parties to request permits for public rallies. Despite some efforts to rehabilitate prisons, detainees still lack adequate access to medical care and inmates suffer extortion by prison guards and fellow inmates. The new law could also introduce time limits on pretrial detention and, if properly implemented, would offer sentencing alternatives to prison, such as probation or community service. In a violation of the right to freedom of expression, Sam Mohammed, a businessman and opposition supporter, was sentenced to six months’ imprisonment on March 31 for slander and defamation, after he questioned President Ouattara’s Ivorian nationality at a public rally. Gradual efforts to strengthen the judicial system continued, demonstrated by the more frequent organization of cour d’assises sessions in Abidjan and two regional courts and the establishment of a legal aid fund. The UN’s new independent expert on capacity-building and technical cooperation with Côte d’Ivoire in the field of human rights published his first report in April 2015. The law confirmed the age of consent for marriage as 18, but child marriage is still common. A mutinying soldier at a checkpoint at the entrance to Bouake, Côte d’Ivoire. Other than the Blé Goudé’s case, however, the Special Cell has frozen its investigations, making it unlikely that alleged perpetrators will ever face trial. As of October the CNDH had 31 regional commissions and seven thematically focused departments. Le maintien de la stabilité politique de la Côte d’Ivoire et sa forte croissance macroéconomique ont fourni en 2016 des conditions propices à une amélioration progressive de l’état de droit et de la réalisation des droits économiques et sociaux. Although Côte d’Ivoire’s press largely operated without restrictions, laws criminalizing publication of false information were on occasion used to unfairly detain journalists and several pro-opposition newspapers were temporarily suspended. The government in May indefinitely delayed a parliamentary vote on a new press law, which was criticized by media freedom groups for stipulating harsh penalties for vaguely defined media offenses. The cell has charged high-level perpetrators from both sides, including several pro-Ouattara commanders now in senior positions in the army. The main opposition party, which boycotted the 2011 legislative elections, participated and won seats. Côte d’Ivoire completed a two-year term as a member of the United Nations Security Council in December 2019. However, some of them remain in positions of authority within the armed forces. Countries participating in the United Nations review of Côte d’Ivoire’s human rights record should question the government’s failure to deliver justice to victims of 2010-11 post-election abuses, Human Rights Watch said today. Opposition parliamentarian Alain Lobognon was sentenced to a year’s imprisonment on January 29, reduced to a six-month suspended sentence on appeal, for disclosing “fake news” after alleging on social media that police were planning to imprison an opposition mayor whom the government had accused of corruption. A small country located in West Africa, the Republic of Côte d’Ivoire (also known as the Ivory Coast) has recently gained an atmosphere of political stability and continued macroeconomic growth. In October 2020, Côte d’Ivoire is expected to hold pivotal presidential elections. Implementation of a 1998 land law, which aims to reduce conflicts by converting customary land ownership to legal title, remains extremely slow, with less than four percent of rural land registered. Human Rights Watch dénonce les meurtres de partisans pro-Gbagbo à Abidjan. The trial of an online news editor, charged with divulging false news in May 2016 after publishing an interview with ex-President Gbagbo’s son, Michel, was adjourned October 20 after several earlier delays. The National Assembly and Senate in July and August enacted reforms to modify the composition of the election commission, as required by a 2016 judgment by the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. While the new constitution removed a divisive nationality clause, requiring a presidential candidate’s father and mother to be Ivorian, many of the other root causes of past conflict remained unaddressed, particularly a politicized judiciary and simmering conflicts over land. https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2020/country-chapters/cote-divoire However, ongoing indiscipline by members of the security services and violent army mutinies demonstrated the precariousness of the country’s newfound stability. At time of writing, the case had not yet been decided. A peaceful transfer of power from one elected president to another would The mutineers only returned to their barracks after the government paid them 12 million CFA (US$21,000). Having first awarded cash payments and medical care to 4,500 victims, the government began a second phase of largely non-monetary assistance in October. Mutinying soldiers in May discovered an arms cache in Bouake, underscoring the failure of Côte d’Ivoire’s disarmament process to secure weapons hidden in private arsenals. The ICC continued its investigations into crimes committed by pro-Ouattara forces during the post-election crisis, but has yet to issue arrest warrants. missions in Côte d’Ivoire illustrating the human rights violations committed since November 2010. Côte d’Ivoire’s continued strong economic growth in 2019 led to some improvements in social and economic rights. The government passed laws that defined torture as a stand-alone crime and introduced measures that could reduce reliance on pretrial detention and improve marriage equality. The NGO notes that seven years after the post-election crisis that claimed the lives of 3,000 people, Côte d’Ivoire’s economic growth contrasts sharply with the fragile human rights situation. The laws also give a widow the right to one- quarter of the husband’s estate, with the remaining three-quarters going to the children. Cote d’Ivoire continued the process of moving away from the successive and bloody political crises of 2000-11, with the United Nations ending a 13-year peacekeeping mission in June. As of October the CNDH had 31 regional commissions and seven thematically focused departments. The International Criminal Court (ICC)’s January 2019 acquittal of former President Laurent Gbagbo and his youth minister and militia leader Charles Blé Goudé, and the halting of domestic prosecutions, further entrenched impunity for crimes committed after the 2010-11 elections, which left thousands dead. The ICC also intensified its investigations into crimes committed by pro-Ouattara forces during the crisis, but has yet to issue arrest warrants. The prevalence of arbitrary arrests, mistreatment of detainees, and unlawful killings by the security forces lessened again in 2017, but investigations and prosecutions of those who commit abuses were rare. The ICC prosecutor appealed the acquittals on September 16, asking judges to declare a mistrial. Serving and demobilized soldiers were also implicated in a series of attacks on police and gendarme installations. Côte d’Ivoire has not yet delivered justice for victims of grave crimes by both sides in the country’s 2010-2011 post-election crisis. Two other journalists were detained on July 31 for 24 hours on similar charges after alleging that bank accounts belonging to National Assembly leader Soro had been frozen. World Report 2017 - Côte d’Ivoire. Judges report that the risk of interference is greatest in political cases, but can occur in any civil or criminal trial. It inherited UN Operation in Cote d’Ivoire (UNOCI’s) human rights mandate upon UNOCI’s departure in June 2017 but acknowledged it did not have UNOCI’s resources. A rural land agency, established in 2016 finally began to implement programs to speed up implementation of a 1998 land law designed to reduce conflicts over land by registering customary land rights and issuing legal titles. An antidiscrimination provision in Côte d’Ivoire’s new constitution, promulgated in January 2017, does not include protection against discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation. International human rights standards require that protest organizers should not be sanctioned for merely failing to notify authorities in advance. Past government-led forestry reclamation efforts left thousands of evicted farmers’ families without access to adequate food, water, or shelter. Progress in delivering justice for victims of the 2010-11 post-election violence remained slow, with the vast majority of perpetrators of human rights abuses—from across the military-political divide—not yet held accountable. Côte d’Ivoire. Human Rights Watch | 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th Floor | New York, NY 10118-3299 USA | t 1.212.290.4700 Côte d’Ivoire is in a period of strong economic growth following nearly a decade of conflict but still faces political and post-conflict challenges around issues related to political consensus, reconciliation and security.
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