Initialement, celui-ci doit utiliser un mélange hydrogène-oxygène liquide, mais fin 2012 le dirigeant de SpaceX indique que le moteur, destiné à propulser un étage supérieur, brûlera un mélange méthane /oxygène liquide. [45] He further indicated that the Raptor concept would now become a methane-based design,[45] and that methane would be the fuel of choice for SpaceX's plans for Mars colonization. For reference, 330 bar on Raptor produces ~225 tons (half a million pounds) of force". SpaceX never implemented plans to switch the Falcon 9/Falcon Heavy upper stage to methalox propellants. [37] SpaceX completed its planned testing using NASA Stennis facilities in 2014 and 2015. Elon Musk est en effet ravi. The higher-efficiency Raptor Vacuum engines for in-space conditions was envisioned then to target a specific impulse of 382s, using a much larger nozzle giving an expansion ratio of 200. [98][22] By mid-2018, SpaceX was publicly stating that the sea-level flight version Raptor engine design, with a nozzle exit diameter of 1.3 m (4.3 ft), was expected to have 1,700 kN (380,000 lbf) thrust at sea level with an Isp of 330 s (3,200 m/s) increasing to an Isp of 356 s (3,490 m/s) in vacuum. After shutting down all engines at apogee, the vehicle transitioned into a horizontal flight profile and descended back down to the launch site. SN15 successfully performed the bellyflop maneuver, lit 2 engines and successfully landed on the pad.[97]. [105], Little technical detail was ever publicly released about the USAF second stage engine, as is typical for defense contracts. [78], In the BFR update given in September 2018, Musk showed video of a 71-second hot fire test of a Raptor engine, and stated that "this is the Raptor engine that will power BFR, both the ship and the booster; it's the same engine. Jusqu'à présent, il était prévu 31 moteurs Raptor. [29][57] A June 2014 talk by Mueller provided more specific engine performance target specifications indicating 6,900 kN (1,600,000 lbf) of sea-level thrust, 8,200 kN (1,800,000 lbf) of vacuum thrust, and a specific impulse (Isp) of 380 s (3,700 m/s) for a vacuum version. He also disclosed that it used multi-stage turbopumps. [40] As of April 2011[update], SpaceX had a small number of staff working on the Raptor upper-stage engine, then still a LH2/LOX concept, at a low level of priority. Il est doté de trois moteurs Raptors, récemment testés par SpaceX avec le Starhopper. [7][8], By March, serial number 2 (SN2) of the flight version Raptor engine had been delivered to the SpaceX South Texas Launch Site east of Brownsville, Texas for system integration testing on Starhopper, the first test article of Starship,[86] approximately one year ahead of schedule. Başlangıç tasarımlarında Raptor motorunun metan'dan ziyade sıvı hidrojen (LH2) kullanması öngörülüyordu. The USAF contract called only for the development and build of a single prototype engine with a series of ground tests, with no upper stage launch vehicle design funded by the contract. [75], By September 2017, the 200 bars (20 MPa; 2,900 psi) sub-scale test engine, with a thrust of 1 meganewton (220,000 lbf) and "a new alloy to help its oxygen-rich turbopump resist oxidization, ... had completed 1200 seconds of firings across 42 tests. It is the first full-flow staged-combustion methalox engine ever to reach a test stand. Bu uyarlamada, itki üreten yakıtta (gazda) daha çok yayılma (expansion) sağlayabilmek üzere daha geniş bir egzoz çıkışı kullanılarak, 380 saniyelik bir özgül itici kuvvet değerine ulaşılması hedeflenmektedir,[1] . À l’instar de ses prédécesseurs, le SN11 était propulsé par trois des moteurs Raptor. [43], In October 2012, SpaceX publicly announced concept work on a rocket engine that would be "several times as powerful as the Merlin 1 series of engines, and won't use Merlin's RP-1 fuel", but declined to specify which fuel would be used. 2014 Şubat ayında, SpaceX roket motoru geliştirme bölümünün başı olan Tom Mueller, bir konuşması sırasında Raptor motorunun; dokuz adet motorunun " yaklaşık 100 ton kadar kargoyu Mars'a götürebilecek" olan bir araçta kullanılmak üzere tasarlandığını ve 4400 kN (1 milyon lbf) itki üretebilen roketin daha önce duyurulduğundan çok daha kuvvetli olacağını açığa vurmuştur. to serve the theoretical purpose of servicing an upper stage that could be used on the existing, Chantilly, Houston, Seattle, Washington DC, This page was last edited on 6 May 2021, at 20:50. Still, non-trivial at 100,000 tons of thrust/year", "SpaceX: Elon Musk Teases Rapid, Cheap Raptor Production to Get to Mars Fast", "NASA-SpaceX testing partnership going strong", "Orbital ATK, SpaceX Win Air Force Propulsion Contracts", "Notes: Space Access'11: Thurs. Après un décollage parfait, le vaisseau s’est ensuite écrasé au sol. [69][70][71] When asked if the nozzle diameter for such version was 14 ft (4.3 m), he stated that it was pretty close to that dimension. Musk noted via a tweet that the … The Raptor engine has more than twice the thrust of SpaceX's Merlin engine that powers their current Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launch vehicles. [75] In October 2017, Musk clarified that "[initial flight testing will be with] a full-scale 9-meter-diameter ship doing short hops of a few hundred kilometers altitude and lateral distance ... [projected to be] fairly easy on the vehicle, as no heat shield is needed, we can have a large amount of reserve propellant and don’t need the high area ratio, deep-space Raptor engines. Prior to 2014, only two full-flow staged-combustion rocket engines had ever progressed sufficiently to be tested on test stands: the Soviet RD-270 project in the 1960s and the Aerojet Rocketdyne Integrated Powerhead Demonstrator in the mid-2000s. pompalama sistemi daha düşük basınç değerleri gerektirdiğinden, sistemin yaşam-süresi artmakta ve sisteme ağır zarar verebilecek arızaların riski de azalmaktadır. Comme prévu, le Starship a décollé. "[6] Elon Musk'a göre, bu tasarım (tüm roket aşamalarında) tam "tekrar-kullanılabilirlik" özelliğine erişmeyi başaracak, ve sonuç olarak, "uzay uçuşlarının maliyetlerinde yaklaşık 100 kat kadar düşüş elde edilmesini" sağlayacaktır. Starship Super Heavy with 35 Raptors A full-duration test of version 1 of the Raptor Vacuum engine was completed in September 2020 at the SpaceX development facility in McGregor, Texas. * denotes unflown vehicles or engines, and future missions or sites. [12] Chicago Maden Okulu (Chicago School of Mines) tarafından yayımlanan bir araştırmaya göre, Mars'tan metan üretme gibi in-situ kaynak kullanımı, uzay görevlerini teknik ve ekonomik açıdan daha uygulanabilir kılıyor ve tekrar-kullanılabilirliği mümkün hale getiriyor. Étonnamment, le fantasque P.-D.G. Re: Le moteur-fusée Raptor de SpaceX Sam 7 Mar 2020 - 11:19 Et puis musk, veut surtout créer la "machine" qui produit les raptors et les starships … The modifications to the test stands made by SpaceX are now a part of the Stennis test infrastructure and are available to other users of the test facility after the SpaceX facility lease was completed. BFR was a 9 m (30 ft)-diameter launch vehicle. [90], The first flight test of a Raptor engine, SN6, occurred on 25 July 2019, carrying Starhopper to an altitude of 20 metres (66 ft). [27][22] Specifically, Raptor utilizes a full-flow staged combustion cycle, where all the oxygen—with a low-fuel ratio—will power an oxygen turbopump, and all the fuel—with a low-oxygen ratio—will power a methane turbopump. The test was conducted using warm propellant, with expectations of a 10% to 20% increase in performance when switching to deep cryogenic temperatures for the propellant. Tests continued at least into September 2015. [72][73] On the 27th he clarified that 150 expansion ratio was for the development version, that the production vacuum version would have an expansion ratio of 200. [6] Crédit : SpaceX. Raptor (Türkçe: Yırtıcı Kuş),SpaceX tarafından geliştirilen, Kriyojenik metan-yakıtlı roket motorları ailesinin ilk üyesidir.Özel olarak, SpaceX süper-ağır fırlatma araçlarının yüksek verimli aşağı ve yukarı aşamalarında kullanılması hedeflenmektedir. [84] 2014 Nisan ayında, SpaceX Stennis test rampasına, Raptor bileşenlerinin testi için yapılacak olan zorunlu bakım ve yükseltme çalışmalarını tamamladı, ve tesiste ilgili testleri 2014 Mayıs ayının sonunda yapmaya başlayabilmeyi umuyordu.[22]. The test lasted two seconds with the engine operating at 60 percent of rated thrust at a chamber pressure of 170 bars (17,000 kPa). [5] Subscale versions of Raptor engines were also built for early testing on ground test stands. [55] In April 2014, SpaceX completed the requisite upgrades and maintenance to the Stennis test stand to prepare for testing of Raptor components,[56] and the engine component testing program began in earnest, focusing on the development of robust startup and shutdown procedures, something that is typically quite difficult to do for full-flow staged combustion cycle engines.
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