[242] The Space Foundation named Armstrong as a recipient of its 2013 General James E. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award. In 2005, he said that a human mission to Mars would be easier than the lunar challenge of the 1960s. [176], Armstrong's family described him as a "reluctant American hero". He was made the first freeman of the burgh, and happily declared the town his home. [59], NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations, Deke Slayton, called Armstrong on September 13, 1962, and asked whether he would be interested in joining the NASA Astronaut Corps as part of what the press dubbed "the New Nine"; without hesitation, Armstrong said yes. It was later thought that damaged wiring caused one of the thrusters to stick in the on position. In May 2005, Armstrong became involved in a legal dispute with Mark Sizemore, his barber of 20 years. [174], In 1985, professional expedition leader Mike Dunn organized a trip to take men he deemed the "greatest explorers" to the North Pole. When he and Aldrin were ready to go outside, Eagle was depressurized, the hatch was opened, and Armstrong made his way down the ladder. [214][215] It went on to say that Armstrong had carried the aspirations of the United States' citizens and had delivered "a moment of human achievement that will never be forgotten. Explore how the celebrity world connects. He was the project pilot on Century Series fighters and flew the North American X-15 seven times. [227] Flags were flown at half-staff on the day of Armstrong's funeral. For many years, he turned down biography offers from authors such as Stephen Ambrose and James A. Michener, but agreed to work with James R. Hansen after reading one of Hansen's other biographies. While there was heavy anti-aircraft fire in the area, none hit Armstrong's aircraft. His research activities during this time did not involve his work at NASA, as he did not want to give the appearance of favoritism; he later regretted the decision. [55][56], In April 1962, NASA announced that applications were being sought for the second group of NASA astronauts for Project Gemini, a proposed two-man spacecraft. Their job, flying a T-33, was to evaluate Smith Ranch Dry Lake in Nevada for use as an emergency landing site for the X-15. They then returned to the checklist of contingency tasks, should an emergency liftoff become necessary. L'hôpital où est mort Neil Armstrong accusé d'avoir versé 6 millions de dollars à la famille de l'astronaute pour étouffer une faute médicale Collins led prayers. "[116] During the landing, Armstrong's heart rate ranged from 100 to 150 beats per minute. They began their tasks of investigating how easily a person could operate on the lunar surface. The Apollo command module was relatively roomy compared with the Gemini spacecraft. [150] In a 2010 interview, Armstrong explained that NASA limited their Moon walk because they were unsure how the space suits would cope with the Moon's extremely high temperature. Armstrong found this amusing, and said, "... those of us that live out in the hinterlands think that people that live inside the Beltway are the ones that have the problems. [155][157], After the tour Armstrong took part in Bob Hope's 1969 USO show, primarily to Vietnam. [51], On May 21, 1962, Armstrong was involved in the "Nellis Affair". He served on the Apollo 13 accident investigation and on the Rogers Commission, which investigated the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster. Knight said that pilot-engineers flew in a way that was "more mechanical than it is flying", and gave this as the reason why some pilot-engineers got into trouble: their flying skills did not come naturally. A graduate of Purdue University, Armstrong studied aeronautical engineering; his college tuition was paid for by the U.S. Navy under the Holloway Plan. [154], The tour began on August 13, when the three astronauts spoke and rode in ticker-tape parades in their honor in New York and Chicago, with an estimated six million attendees. [26] As a reservist, he continued to fly, with VF-724 at Naval Air Station Glenview in Illinois, and then, after moving to California, with VF-773 at Naval Air Station Los Alamitos. They made a slow, circling descent from 30,000 ft (9 km) using only the number-two engine, and landed safely. (1947), June Hoffman{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "June Hoffman", "gender": "Female" }, Dean Armstrong{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Dean Armstrong", "gender": "Male" }, Rick Armstrong{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Rick Armstrong", "gender": "Male" }, born 1957, age 61 [208][209], Armstrong underwent bypass surgery on August 7, 2012, to relieve coronary artery disease. [173] The loss of hydraulic fluid caused the tailhook to release, and upon landing, he caught the arresting wire attached to an anchor chain, and dragged the chain along the runway. Neil Armstrong's former father in law was, Neil Armstrong's former mother in law was, Neil Armstrong's former grandfather in law is, Neil Armstrong's former grandfather in law was, Neil Armstrong's former grandmother in law was, Neil Armstrong's former sister in law was, Neil Armstrong's former wife Janet Shearon Armstrong's uncle in law is, Purdue University, Indiana, United States. Jan, la femme d’Armstrong, et leurs deux fils, Rick, 12 ans, et Mark, 6 ans, assistent au lancement de la fusée qui emporte Neil. Willis Armstrong{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Willis Armstrong", "gender": "Male" }, Laura Armstrong{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Laura Armstrong", "gender": "Female" }, Martin Engel{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Martin Engel", "gender": "Male" }, Carolyn Korspeter{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Carolyn Korspeter", "gender": "Female" }, Stephen Armstrong{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Stephen Armstrong", "gender": "Male" }, Viola Armstrong{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Viola Armstrong", "gender": "Female" }, Complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures, US Navy Pilot This time, selection was open to qualified civilian test pilots. [226] On September 14, Armstrong's cremated remains were scattered in the Atlantic Ocean from the USS Philippine Sea. This was also the sixth wedding anniversary of her parents. Delivered to the Navy on September 23, 2015, it is a modern oceanographic research platform supporting a wide range of activities by academic groups. Elle est étudiante en économie domestique. When he moved to Edwards Air Force Base, he lived in the bachelor quarters of the base, while Janet lived in the Westwood district of Los Angeles. [125] He later said he "would hope that history would grant me leeway for dropping the syllable and understand that it was certainly intended, even if it was not said—although it might actually have been". Cernan recalled Armstrong's low-fuel approach to the Moon: "When the gauge says empty, we all know there's a gallon or two left in the tank!" Naval Reserve, Transcript of Naval Service", "Purdue Bands launch $2 million fund-raising campaign", "Girl, 7, Fighting Rare Cancer Gets Pics of Dogs from Well-Wishers", "From the Mojave to the Moon: Neil Armstrong's Early NASA Years", "14 New Astronauts Introduced at Press Conference", "Valentina Vladimirovna Tereshkova (Born March 6, 1937)", "March 16, 1966: Gemini's First Docking of Two Spacecraft in Earth Orbit", "The First Lunar Landing, time 109:45:40", "Mission Transcripts, Apollo 11 AS11 PA0.pdf", "Apollo 11 Mission Commentary 7-20-69 CDT 15:15 – GET 102:43 – TAPE 307/1", "One Small Misstep: Neil Armstrong's First Words on the Moon", "One Small Controversy About Neil Armstrong's Giant Leap", "Apollo 11 Post Flight Press Conference, 16 September 1969", "Neil Armstrong's family reveal origins of 'one small step' line", "Neil Armstrong Didn't Lie About 'One Small Step' Moon Speech, Historian Says", "One small word is one giant sigh of relief for Armstrong", "Electronic Evidence and Physiological Reasoning Identifying the Elusive Vowel "a" in Neil Armstrong's Statement on First Stepping onto the Lunar Surface", "Software Finds Missing 'a' in Armstrong's Moon Quote", "Armstrong's Moon landing speech rewritten", "High-tech analysis may rewrite space history", "Hear what Neil Armstrong really said on the moon", "Armstrong's abbreviated article: the smoking gun? His application arrived about a week past the June 1, 1962, deadline, but Dick Day, a flight simulator expert with whom Armstrong had worked closely at Edwards, saw the late arrival of the application and slipped it into the pile before anyone noticed. He flew past the landing field at Mach 3 at over 100,000 feet (30 km) in altitude, and ended up 40 miles (64 km) south of Edwards. Many NASA managers, including Armstrong, opposed the recommendation, since only the thermostat switch had caused the problem. [13], At age 17, in 1947, Armstrong began studying aeronautical engineering at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. [259], Armstrong's authorized biography, First Man: The Life of Neil A. Armstrong, was published in 2005. The first was a version of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, co-directed with his girlfriend Joanne Alford from the Alpha Chi Omega sorority, with songs from the Walt Disney film, including "Someday My Prince Will Come"; the second was titled The Land of Egelloc ("college" spelled backwards), with music from Gilbert and Sullivan but new lyrics. [193] Upon his return from the Moon, Armstrong gave a speech in front of the U.S. Congress in which he thanked them for giving him the opportunity to see some of the "grandest views of the Creator". [129] Historian Andrew Chaikin, who interviewed Armstrong in 1988 for his book A Man on the Moon, disputed that Armstrong claimed to have conceived the line during the mission. Son père est audite… Armstrong announced the landing to Mission Control and the world with the words, "Houston, Tranquility Base here. [52], In June 1958, Armstrong was selected for the U.S. Air Force's Man In Space Soonest program, but the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) canceled its funding on August 1, 1958, and on November 5, 1958, it was superseded by Project Mercury, a civilian project run by NASA. [60] Armstrong was one of two civilian pilots selected for this group;[61] the other was Elliot See, another former naval aviator. [104], According to Chris Kraft, a March 1969 meeting among Slayton, George Low, Bob Gilruth, and Kraft determined that Armstrong would be the first person on the Moon, in part because NASA management saw him as a person who did not have a large ego. Bill Dana said Armstrong "had a mind that absorbed things like a sponge". He pledged the Phi Delta Theta fraternity, and lived in its fraternity house. [152] The Eagle then continued to its rendezvous in lunar orbit, where it docked with Columbia, the command and service module. About to send four astronauts to the ISS. He became a midshipman in 1949 and a naval aviator the following year. She died of pneumonia, related to her weakened health, on January 28, 1962, aged two. As the LM settled onto the surface, Aldrin said, "Okay, engine stop"; then they both called out some post-landing checklist items. [85] Scott was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and Armstrong received a $678 raise in pay to $21,653 a year (equivalent to $170,626 in 2019), making him NASA's highest-paid astronaut. Armstrong was born August 5th 1930 and sadly, he passed away on August 25th 2012. He intended to eject over water and await rescue by Navy helicopters, but his parachute was blown back over land. With great difficulty, Thompson made it to Nellis, where a strong crosswind caused a hard landing and the left main tire suffered a blowout. [86] The launch was on September 12, 1966,[87] with Conrad and Gordon on board, who successfully completed the mission objectives, while Armstrong served as a capsule communicator (CAPCOM). Michael Collins said in his book Carrying the Fire that when Armstrong moved to a dairy farm to become a college professor, it was like he "retreated to his castle and pulled up the drawbridge". The first thing Slayton said was, "The guys who are going to fly the first lunar missions are the guys in this room. [155][156] On the same evening an official state dinner was held in Los Angeles to celebrate the flight, attended by members of Congress, 44 governors, the Chief Justice of the United States, and ambassadors from 83 nations. During this mission with pilot David Scott, he performed the first docking of two spacecraft; the mission was aborted after Armstrong used some of his re-entry control fuel to stabilize a dangerous roll caused by a stuck thruster. Based on the normal crew rotation, Armstrong would command Apollo 11,[93] with one change: Mike Collins on the Apollo 8 crew began experiencing trouble with his legs. Or c'est pendant ce conflit que les premières fusées sont inventées : il s'agit des missiles allemands V2, conçus afin de pouvoir bombarder des villes lointaines sans risquer la perte de nombreux avions. The selections were kept secret until three days later, although newspaper reports had circulated since earlier that year that he would be selected as the "first civilian astronaut". Diana Krall sang the song "Fly Me to the Moon". [46], Armstrong was involved in several incidents that went down in Edwards folklore or were chronicled in the memoirs of colleagues. [35] X-ray treatment slowed its growth, but her health deteriorated to the point where she could no longer walk or talk. Pieces of it damaged the number-three engine and hit the number-two engine. [53][54] In November 1960, he was chosen as part of the pilot consultant group for the X-20 Dyna-Soar, a military space plane under development by Boeing for the U.S. Air Force, and on March 15, 1962, he was selected by the U.S. Air Force as one of seven pilot-engineers who would fly the X-20 when it got off the design board. [68][69] Armstrong became the first American civilian in space. [49] He reached a top speed of Mach 5.74 (3,989 mph, 6,420 km/h) in the X-15-1, and left the Flight Research Center with a total of 2,400 flying hours. Armstrong was the first westerner to see the supersonic Tupolev Tu-144 and was given a tour of the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, which he described as "a bit Victorian in nature". VIDÉO. [231], Armstrong donated his papers to Purdue. Des cartes postales dédicacées en guise d’assurance-vie. David Scott spoke, possibly for the first time, about an incident during their Gemini 8 mission: minutes before the hatch was to be sealed, a small chip of dried glue fell into the latch of his harness and prevented it from being buckled, threatening to abort the mission. Sept ans après sa mort, les circonstances troubles du décès du premier homme à avoir marché sur la Lune font surface. [151], After they re-entered the LM, the hatch was closed and sealed. Neil Armstrong naît en 1930 et il n'a donc que 9 ans lorsque la seconde guerre mondiale éclate. "[183], Andrew Chaikin says in A Man on the Moon that Armstrong kept a low profile but was not a recluse, citing his participation in interviews, advertisements for Chrysler, and hosting a cable television series. [81], In Armstrong's final assignment in the Gemini program, he was the back-up Command Pilot for Gemini 11; this was announced two days after the landing of Gemini 8. [18] He was then sent to Naval Air Station Corpus Christi in Texas for training on the Grumman F8F Bearcat, culminating in a carrier landing on USS Wright. [32], Armstrong met Janet Elizabeth Shearon, who was majoring in home economics, at a party hosted by Alpha Chi Omega. "That happened because Neil Armstrong was a team player—he always worked on behalf of the team. [167], In 1986, President Ronald Reagan asked Armstrong to join the Rogers Commission investigating the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger. Hitting the switch that would stop the propeller's spinning, Butchart found it slowed but then started spinning again, this time even faster than the others; if it spun too fast, it would break apart. The first knowledge of the meeting outside the small group came when Kraft wrote his book. Neil Armstrong, the first person to walk on the moon, was honored Friday (Aug. 31) by close family and NASA in a private service. [80] Armstrong was depressed that the mission was cut short,[81] canceling most mission objectives and robbing Scott of his EVA. After cutting Armstrong's hair, Sizemore sold some of it to a collector for $3,000 without Armstrong's knowledge. "[232], Armstrong received many honors and awards, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom (with distinction) from President Nixon,[155][233] the Cullum Geographical Medal from the American Geographical Society,[234] and the Collier Trophy from the National Aeronautic Association (1969);[235] the NASA Distinguished Service Medal[236] and the Dr. Robert H. Goddard Memorial Trophy (1970);[237] the Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy (1971);[238] the Congressional Space Medal of Honor from President Jimmy Carter (1978);[83] the Wright Brothers Memorial Trophy from the National Aeronautic Association (2001);[239] and a Congressional Gold Medal (2011). They lived in Indian Hill, Ohio. On July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the moon in a small spacecraft that had been sent to the moon using the Saturn V rocket. Armstrong was especially glad about this, as he had been prone to motion sickness as a child and could experience nausea after long periods of aerobatics. [113], When Armstrong noticed they were heading toward a landing area that seemed unsafe, he took manual control of the LM and attempted to find a safer area. [162] He accepted a teaching position in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati,[163] having chosen Cincinnati over other universities, including his alma mater Purdue, because Cincinnati had a small aerospace department,[164] and said he hoped the faculty there would not be annoyed that he came straight into a professorship with only a USC master's degree. [240], Armstrong and his Apollo 11 crewmates were the 1999 recipients of the Langley Gold Medal from the Smithsonian Institution. [249], The lunar crater Armstrong, 31 miles (50 km) from the Apollo 11 landing site, and asteroid 6469 Armstrong are named in his honor. An estimated 530 million people viewed the event,[141] 20 percent out of a world population of approximately 3.6 billion. It was the most complex mission yet, with a rendezvous and docking with an uncrewed Agena target vehicle, and the planned second American space walk (EVA) by Scott. [70] See was designated to command Gemini 9. [147] In the Apollo 11 photographic record, there are only five images of Armstrong partly shown or reflected. Milt Thompson was sent in an F-104B, the only two-seater available, but a plane Thompson had never flown. [127] In a post-flight press conference, he said that he chose the words "just prior to leaving the LM. He was the second person in his family to attend college. 21 lipca 1969 (według czasu UTC) jako pierwszy człowiek stanął na Księżycu.Wypowiedział słynne zdanie: … Both parents in the family have passed away, but Neil Armstrong's sons actually helped bring their family's story to life. While out of contact with the ground, the docked spacecraft began to roll, and Armstrong attempted to correct this with the Gemini's Orbit Attitude and Maneuvering System (OAMS). [94] For crewmates, Armstrong was assigned Lovell and Aldrin, from Gemini 12. They helped a lot in the making of First Man. [105][106] Methods of circumventing this difficulty existed, but it is not known if these were considered at the time. He wrote and co-directed two musicals as part of the all-student revue. Neil Armstrong’s death in a Cincinnati hospital reportedly resulted in a secretive $6 million wrongful death settlement to the American hero’s family. Having trained for two flights, Armstrong was quite knowledgeable about the systems and took on a teaching role for the rookie backup Pilot, William Anders. [231] Two fragments of wood from the propeller and four pieces of fabric from the wing of the 1903 Wright Flyer that Armstrong took to the Moon fetched between $112,500 and $275,000 each. In Paraguay, Armstrong greeted dignitaries in their local language, Guarani; in Brazil he talked about the exploits of the Brazilian-born Alberto Santos-Dumont. He flew the North American X-15 seven times,[43] including the first flight with the Q-ball system, the first flight of the number 3 X-15 airframe, and the first flight of the MH-96 adaptive flight control system. Neil's daughter Karen Armstrong lost her life because of a brain tumor in 1962. After he returned from Seattle on June 4, he applied to become an astronaut. [158] In May 1970, Armstrong traveled to the Soviet Union to present a talk at the 13th annual conference of the International Committee on Space Research; after arriving in Leningrad from Poland, he traveled to Moscow where he met Premier Alexei Kosygin. All relationship and family history information shown on FameChain has been compiled from data in the public domain. [272], American astronaut; first human to walk on the Moon, Congressional Record (Bound Edition). Armstrong thought they had a strong engineering division, and they were in financial difficulty. He was asked to chair the board of directors for a subsidiary of Eaton, AIL Systems. [231], When Pete Conrad of Apollo 12 became the third man to walk on the Moon, on November 19, 1969, his first words referenced Armstrong. They were married on January 28, 1956, at the Congregational Church in Wilmette, Illinois. He accepted a teaching position in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, having chosen Cincinnati over other universities, including his alma mater Purdue, because Cincinnati had a small aero… "[221][222] NASA Administrator Charles F. Bolden, Jr. said, "As long as there are history books, Neil Armstrong will be included in them, remembered for taking humankind's first small step on a world beyond our own". [101], After Armstrong served as backup commander for Apollo 8, Slayton offered him the post of commander of Apollo 11 on December 23, 1968, as Apollo 8 orbited the Moon. 1969, Michael Collins{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Michael Collins", "gender": "Male" }, Buzz Aldrin{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Buzz Aldrin", "gender": "Male" }, Alan Bean{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Alan Bean", "gender": "Male" }, Gene Cernan{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Gene Cernan", "gender": "Male" }. [168], Armstrong was appointed to a fourteen-member commission by President Reagan to develop a plan for American civilian spaceflight in the 21st century. [139] NASA's transcript continues to show the "a" in parentheses. His mother and sister attended his graduation ceremony on August 23, 1950. Il est le fils de Stephen Koenig Armstrong (né aux États-Unis en 1898 et mort en 1990) et Viola Louise Engel (née en Irlande en 1907 et morte en 1990) . [122], The flight plan called for a crew rest period before leaving the module, but Armstrong asked for this be moved to earlier in the evening, Houston time. A press conference on April 14, 1969, gave the design of the LM cabin as the reason for Armstrong's being first; the hatch opened inwards and to the right, making it difficult for the LM pilot, on the right-hand side, to exit first. [24], In all, Armstrong flew 78 missions over Korea for a total of 121 hours in the air, a third of them in January 1952, with the final mission on March 5, 1952. [270], The planetarium at Altoona Area High School in Altoona, Pennsylvania is named after Neil Armstrong and is home to a Space Race museum. [169], Armstrong and his wife attended the memorial service for the victims of the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster in 2003, at the invitation of President George W. [89] Also on the tour, which took in 11 countries and 14 major cities, were Dick Gordon, George Low, their wives, and other government officials. Post-mission analysis showed that at touchdown there were 45 to 50 seconds of propellant burn time left. [73], Gemini 8 launched on March 16, 1966. Neil Armstrong est né le 5 août 1930 dans l'Ohio (États-Unis). On June 28, 1951, Essex had set sail for Korea, with VF-51 aboard to act as ground-attack aircraft. (September 16–22, 1969.) [187] He sued Hallmark Cards in 1994, when they used his name, and a recording of the "one small step" quote, in a Christmas ornament without his permission. Volume 115. On landing, the poorly designed nose landing gear failed, as had happened on about a dozen previous flights of the Bell X-1B. He was a humble person, and that's the way he remained after his lunar flight, as well as before. step-child with Carol Held Armstrong{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Carol Held Armstrong", "gender": "Female" }, Andy Knight{ "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "Person", "name": "Andy Knight", "gender": "Male" }, born 1975, age 43 (approx.) [130], Recordings of Armstrong's transmission do not provide evidence for the indefinite article "a" before "man", though NASA and Armstrong insisted for years that static obscured it. Armstrong was forced to bail out. [200], While working on his farm in November 1978, Armstrong jumped off the back of his grain truck and caught his wedding ring in its wheel, tearing the tip off his left ring finger. According to Armstrong, he was making a low bombing run at 350 mph (560 km/h) when 6 feet (1.8 m) of his wing was torn off after it collided with a cable that was strung across the hills as a booby trap. [78] There was speculation that Armstrong could have salvaged the mission if he had turned on only one of the two RCS rings, saving the other for mission objectives. When Armstrong left the University of Cincinnati, he became the chairman of Cardwell International Ltd., a company that manufactured drilling rigs.
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