A navigation error, due to the use of two conflicting charts, caused the vessel to wreck on the reefs of Tromelin Island (then called the Isle of Sand). Située à 450 km à l’est de Madagascar et à 535 km au nord-ouest de La Réunion, Tromelin fait partie des Îles éparses, dépendant des Terres australes et antarctiques françaises (TAAF). Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island despite its absence in the listing of the 8th article of the 1814 Paris Treaty. a low, flat island in the Indian Ocean about 500 kilometres north of Réunion and about 450 kilometres east of Madagascar. [7] A 1,200 metre (3,900 ft) airstrip provides a link with the outside world.[8]. Cette île française à l’est de Madagascar et au nord de l’Île Maurice se trouve à 500 kilomètres de la terre la plus proche. Sinds 2007 hoort Tromelin nog steeds bij Frankrijk, maar maakt het geen deel meer uit van Réunion. The breeding populations of both birds have since been extirpated, although they continue to use the island for roosting. Sur cette île on trouve une station météo qui a été automatisée en 2015 , des vestiges archéologiques remontant à la tragique période des oubliés de l'île. The island is named in honour of Jacques Marie Boudin de Tromelin de La Nuguy, captain of the French corvette Dauphine. The French claim to sovereignty dates from 29 November 1776,[18] the date that the ship Dauphine arrived. He arrived at the island on 29 November 1776, and rescued eight stranded enslaved Malagasy people who had been on the island for 15 years. However, the remains of two bodies displaced during the digging of the foundations of a building of the weather station have been uncovered. Tromelin was the first to precisely describe the island that now bears his name. La première escale, après le départ de La Réunion fût pour l'île de Tromelin le 08 novembre 2017. For Tromelin Island in the Caroline Islands of the Pacific, see, • Discovered by Jean Marie Briand de la Feuillée, Outlying territories of European countries. [15], After the wreck, the crew and about 60 Malagasy people managed to reach the island, but the rest of the slaves, locked in the hold, drowned. [15] The trio was welcomed in the house of the intendant of Mauritius (Isle de France). [15], The fourth expedition, took place in September–October 2013. [9] The red-footed boobies constitute the only polymorphic population in the region, indicating its biogeographical isolation. Ses dessins ont été exposés au musée d'histoire de Nantes. They tried to survive with order and method. [12] The survivors remained with Jacques Maillart, governor of Mauritius (Isle de France), who declared them free and offered to bring them back to Madagascar, which they refused. Het is een opgeheven atol. Nous sommes le 11 août 1722, à bord du navire de la compagnie des Indes : La Diane. [12], On 31 July 1761[13] the French ship Utile ("Useful"), a frigate of the French East India Company, chartered by Jean-Joseph de Laborde and commanded by Captain Jean de La Fargue, transporting slaves from Madagascar to Mauritius in contravention of Mauritian law, ran onto the reefs of the island. [17] Indeed, the treaty doesn't specifically mention all the dependencies of Mauritius which leads to uncertainty on the sovereignty of Tromelin, and the official text was the most clearly text in French. We found many bones of birds, turtles, and fish." De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie. Biographie de Jacques Marie Boudin de Tromelin, seigneur de Lanuguy", "A geomorphological reconnaissance of Tromelin Island, Indian Ocean", 10.1130/0016-7606(1967)78[1247:MPWIO]2.0.CO;2, "Shipwrecked and abandoned: The story of the slave Crusoes", "Ce n'est que quinze ans plus tard, le 29 novembre 1776, que le chevalier de Tromelin récupérera huit esclaves survivants : sept femmes et un enfant de huit mois. Deux mois plus tard, le gouverneur l’envoie à Madagascar pour A boat was sent, but this first rescue failed, as the ship couldn't approach the island. [15], Captain Jean de Lafargue lost his mind as a result of the wreck, and was replaced by his first lieutenant, second-in-command, Barthelemy Castellan du Vernet who lost his brother Leon in the shipwreck. [15], A second expedition, organized in November 2008, did not reveal the burials observed in 1851 by an English naval officer. Tromelin is een onbewoond eiland met een grootte van 1 km². It lasted for 45 days, and enabled the identification of many tools and shelters, as well as the layout of the site.[15]. Sauf que, souvenez-vous aussi que Robinson Crusoé était à l’origine parti naviguer à la recherche d’esclaves africains. [15] On 27 September 1761, a contingent of 122 French sailors (crew and officers) left Tromelin aboard the Providence. [10][11] It was recorded by the French navigator Jean Marie Briand de la Feuillée and named “Île des Sables” (‘Isle of Sand’). [15] The fire was maintained for fifteen years, thanks to the wood from the wreck, the island being devoid of trees. L'île Tromelin, petit coin de terre convoitée par tant d'états mais dont la France entend défendre son appartenance. Celui ci eut lieu le 1er août 1761. Veloutaries (Heliotropium foertherianum) and purslane (Portulaca oleracea), with growth shaped by a dominant east winds are present everywhere on the island. (GOOGLE MAPS) Un îlot inhospitalier et difficile d'accès [15] Maillart decided to baptize the child Jacques Moyse (Moses), on the day of his arrival in Port-Louis on 15 December 1776, and to rename his mother Eve (her Malagasy name was Semiavou) and to do the same with the child's grandmother, whom he called Dauphine after the name of the corvette that rescued them. Depuis 1825 et avant qu’un second levé hydrographique soit effectué en 1875, l’île est désignée indifféremment sous le nom d’île de Sable ou sous celui de Tromelin. Quinze ans plus tard, en 1776, le chevalier Maurice de Tromelin aborde l’île malgré le péril que ça représente, et recueille les derniers survivants : sept femmes et un petit bébé. Le 31 juillet 1761, le navire l'Utile fait naufrage sur la petite île de Tromelin, située entre Madagascar et La Réunion. A year later, a second ship, Sauterelle, also failed to reach the island. [3] It formed as a volcano,[4][5] now eroded, and developed an atoll ring of coral. There is only grass and brush (low shrubs) present on the island. "Tromelin, l’île des esclaves oubliés", exposition au musée de l’Homme (17 Place du Trocadéro et du 11 Novembre, 75116 Paris), du 13 février au 3 juin 2019. Crédit : Archives nationales En avril 1761, l’Utile, flûte de la Compagnie frans çaise des Indes Orientales, armée à Bayonne ars rive à l’Ile de France (île Maurice). In summer, it can suffer the onslaught of cyclones and tropical storms. 60 à 80 malgaches restent sur l’île. They left the surviving slaves – 60 Malagasy men and women – on the desert island, promising to return and rescue them. De Fransen ontdekten het eiland in 1722. The news of the castaway slaves got published and stirred the Parisian intellectual milieu; later, the episode was all but forgotten with the end of the Seven Years' War and the bankruptcy of the East India Company. [5][16] Upon arriving there, Tromelin-Lanuguy discovered that the survivors were dressed in plaited feather clothes and that they had managed, during all these years, to keep a fire lit (the island did not have a single tree). It is currently only 7 metres (23 ft) high. Il transporte 160 esclaves malgaches Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 20 apr 2021 om 14:09. L’îlot permet Both masked (with up to 250 pairs) and red-footed boobies (up to 180 pairs) nest on the island. They were all from the Central Highlands of Madagascar, and had no knowledge of how to produce food in the coastal environment. ; Septembre 1761: Départ des membres rescapés de l’équipage français sur une embarcation de fortune. Ils ont survécu pendant 15 ans en recréant une micro-société. The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because of its significance as a seabird breeding site. Flora is poorly developed due to weather conditions and lack of fresh water. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}15°53′32″S 54°31′29″E / 15.89222°S 54.52472°E / -15.89222; 54.52472. [1] It is a nesting site for birds and green sea turtles. The results of the research were made public on 17 January 2007. [3][7] Access by sea is quite difficult as there are no harbours and the only anchorage, to the northwest of the island, is poorly situated. L’ÎLE DE TROMELIN ET SON HISTOIRE Parti de Bayonne le 17 novembre 1760, l’Utile, un na-vire de la Compagnie française des Indes orientales, s’échoue le 31 juillet 1761 sur l’île de Sable (aujourd’hui île de Tromelin), un îlot désert de 1 km² au large de Madagascar. Il ne s'y arrête pas et la nomme sobrement "Île des sables". Voir le diaporama Abandonnés par des marins français après un naufrage en 1761, des esclaves malgaches ont survécu pendant 15 ans sur le minuscule îlot de Tromelin… Cette fois, le navire est baptisé l'… Tromelin is administered as part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, a French Overseas Territory, but Mauritius claims sovereignty over the island. This sailor remained on Tromelin Island and, some time later, probably around 1775, built a raft on which he embarked with three men and three women, but which disappeared at sea. Tromelin has an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of 280,000 square kilometres (108,109 square miles), contiguous with that of Réunion. In 2010, Mauritius and France reached an agreement on the co-management of Tromelin, without prejudice to the sovereignty of Mauritius over Tromelin. In 1814 werd het onder het gezag van het Franse departement Réunion geplaatst. Les marins blancs trouvent vite le moyen de repartir, abandonnant quelque 80 naufragés noirs. Géolocalisation de l'Ile Tromelin OSM (6080162).png 1,156 × 722; 183 KB L Utile wreck.jpg 1,297 × 1,813; 1.09 MB Lettre de felicitations au Capitaine André, Paul, POUX.gif 581 × 846; 59 KB [19], It is a matter of dispute whether the building agreement transferred sovereignty of Tromelin from one to the other, and Mauritius claims the island as part of its territory, on the grounds that France has not retained its sovereignty over island in 1814 which was de facto part of the colony of Mauritius at the time of independence. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. [15], An archeological expedition entitled "Forgotten Slaves", led by Max Guérout, a former French naval officer and director of operations of the Naval Archeology Research Group, and Thomas Romon, archaeologist at INRAP (National Institute for Preventive Archaeological Research), took place from October to November 2006, under the patronage of UNESCO and the French Committee for the History and Remembrance of Slavery (CPMHE). Mais comment ont-ils pu survivre sur un minuscule îlot où il n'y a rien ? [15], In 1773, a ship passing close to Tromelin Island located the slaves and reported them to the authorities of Isle de France. L'histoire de l'île de Tromelin Partie de Bayonne le 17 novembre 1760, l’Utile, un navire de la Compagnie française des Indes orientales, s’échoue le 31 juillet 1761 sur l’île de Sable (aujourd’hui île de Tromelin), un îlot désert de 1 km² au large de Madagascar, à 500 km de la première terre. Castellan built two camps, one for the crew and one for the slaves, a forge and an oven, and with the materials recovered from the wreckage, began construction of a boat. L'île de Tromelin est située à 535 km au nord de l'île de la Réunion, dans l'océan Indien. Son capitaine, Jean-Marie Briand de la Feuillée, se laisse sûrement porté par les alizés quand il voit l’île pour la première fois. Tromelin, Verspreide Eilanden in de Indische Oceaan, Franse Zuidelijke en Antarctische Gebieden, Shipwrecked and abandoned: the story of the slave Crusoes, https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tromelin&oldid=58745036, Wikipedia:Commonscat met lokaal zelfde link als op Wikidata, Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen.
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