In fact, this cathedral is the prototype of all further constructions of the same type. [140][141] Its plan was also replicated in the Armenian diaspora. [2], Although the seat of the Catholicos was transferred to Dvin sometime in the 460s–470s[63] or 484,[64][65] the cathedral never lost its significance and remained "one of the greatest shrines of the Armenian Church. [72] The Shah wanted to "dispel Armenian hopes of returning to their homeland"[75] by moving the religious center of the Armenians to Iran[76] in order to provide Persia with a strong Armenian presence. From its foundation until the second half of the fifth century, Etchmiadzin was the seat of the Catholicos, the supreme head of the Armenian Church. [1][38] Based on these findings, Sahinian asserted that the original church had been a three-naved[53] vaulted basilica,[1] similar to the basilicas of Tekor, Ashtarak and Aparan (Kasakh). [89], The cathedral prospered under Russian rule, despite the suspicions that the Imperial Russian government had about Etchmiadzin becoming a "possible center of the Armenian nationalist sentiment. During the 1921 February Uprising Etchmiadzin was briefly (until April) taken over by the nationalist Armenian Revolutionary Federation, which had dominated the pre-Soviet Armenian government between 1918 and 1920. Zvartnots Cathedral (Armenian: Զուարթնոց տաճար (); Զվարթնոց տաճար (); literally 'celestial angels cathedral') is a 7th-century centrally planned aisled tetraconch type Armenian cathedral built by the order of Catholicos Nerses the Builder from 643-652. Rome2rio makes travelling from Yerevan to Etchmiadzin Cathedral easy. Etchmiadzin was plundered by Shah Abbas I of Persia in 1604, when relics and stones were taken out of the cathedral in an effort to undermine Armenians' attachment to their land. Էջմիածնի) is celebrated by the Armenian Church 64 days after Easter, during which "a special hymn is sung, written by the 8th century Catholicos Sahak III of Dzorapor, telling of St. Gregory's vision and the Cathedral's construction. "[104], The religious importance of Etchmiadzin slowly recovered during the Second World War. Etchmiadzin Cathedral: Architecture Although the cathedral has been renovated and repaired for a myriad of times, it still correponds to the building Gregory the Illuminator saw in his vision, “On the crosses of four columns, bound to each other were extraordinary arches, and on this I saw an amazing structure created by God, in the shape of a dome.” [128] Shahkhatunian[129] and Ghevont Alishan suggested that these reliefs were created before the invention of the Armenian alphabet in 405. [108], In 2000[109] Etchmiadzin underwent a renovation prior to the celebrations of the 1700th anniversary of the Christianization of Armenia in 2001. Son plan cruciforme à quatre absides et coupole centrale soutenue par quatre piliers constitue une contribution exceptionnelle de l’architecture ecclésiastique arménienne à l’architecture chrétienne en général. Cet édifice fait partie des seuls où vous apprécierez la somptuosité du style architectural persan. Gayane. [107], Etchmiadzin revived under Catholicos Vazgen I since the period known as the Khrushchev Thaw in the mid-1950s, following Stalin's death. It was built over a pagan temple, symbolizing the conversion from paganism to Christianity. [2][38], The renovations of Etchmiadzin continued during the 18th century. "[128] According to Hasratyan they are the earliest reliefs on the cathedral's walls[61] and among the earliest items of Christian Armenian sculpture art. One of the biggest projects in the greening of Etchmiadzin is the restoration of the city's historic Nersisyan Forest. You’ll find Shoghakat Church, another landmark linked with the martyrdom story. The cathedral was dedicated to the Virgin Mary and aptly named ‘Etchmiadzin,’ or ‘the descent (echnel) of the only begotten (miatsin).’ The cathedral is considered one of the most ancient and beautiful examples of Christian architecture. The Holy See's official magazine resumed publication in 1944, while the seminary was reopened in September 1945. [136][137], In the 19th century, during an architectural revival that looked back to Armenia's past, the plan of Etchmiadzin Cathedral began to be directly copied in new Armenian churches. "[70], Following the fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375, the See of Sis experienced decline and disarray. Etchmiadzin Cathedral … [205], The museum of the cathedral has numerous items on display, including manuscripts and religious objects. After two years of independence, Armenia was Sovietized in December 1920. It is 108 ft. long and 98 ft. wide with a height of over 65 ft. As a result of renovations and restorations over a period of many centuries, Etchmiadzin Cathedral’s exterior is a mix of Armenian architectural and artistic styles. [38][146] According to Strzygowski, some examples of churches influenced by Etchmiadzin and Bagaran are the 9th-century church of Germigny-des-Prés in France (built by Odo of Metz, probably an Armenian) and San Satiro of Milan, Italy. His paintings on the dome and the painting of the Mother of God under the altar have survived to this day. In June 1804, during the Russo-Persian War (1804–13), the Russian troops led by General Pavel Tsitsianov tried to take Etchmiadzin, but failed. [105] In 1945 Catholicos Gevorg VI was elected after the seven-year vacancy of the position. [34] Since then the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin has been the administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church. Sa première construction date de 303, mais elle a été par la suite reconstruite en 484. The core of the current building was completed in 484, with a series of renovations subsequent to being plundered in 1604. Его жизнь и литературная деятельность, Владимир Высоцкий: воспоминания, Давид Карапетян, Modern history [part 2]. [38] Portions of the northern and eastern walls of the original building have survived. Today. "[2][19] However, the name Etchmiadzin did not come into use until the 15th century,[4] while earlier sources call it "Cathedral of Vagharshapat.
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